396 MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE [Mar. 1, 



i'ew muscular fibres from tlie interosseous ligament and adjoining 

 surfaces of the ulna and radius. 



The palmaris longus arises in common with the fie.vov carpi 

 tdnaris and flexor diyitorum sublimis, and forms a thin flat tendon 

 which, passing down alongside and internal to that of the former 

 muscle, is inserted into the palmar fascia. The flexor digitorum 

 sublimis arises as above described, and is also connected with the 

 origin of the pj-onator radii teres and the jlexor digitorum profun- 

 dus, and divides in the nianus into three tendons for the three 

 middle toes. Flexor diyitorum profundus arises by five heads, which 

 unite into a common tendon, which in the nianus divides into tendons 

 for each of the five toes. There are four lumbricales, inserted re- 

 spectively into the inner sides of the bases of the first phalanges of 

 the four outer toes. 



Of the muscles attached to the hind limbs the psoas magnus and 

 psoas parvus are both well developed and nearly equal in size. 

 Their tendons, passing backwards, unite with the outer and inner 

 sides respectively of the fleshy tendon of the iliacus, and are, with it, 

 inserted into the lesser trochanter. 



The quadraius luiuborum is remarkable for its rudimentary form 

 and interrupted connections. It arises as a small bundle of 

 muscular fibres from the side of the fifteenth dorsal vertebra, and 

 from the surface of pait of the last intercostal muscle, forms four 

 slender tendons, which are attached resjiectivcly to tlie tips of the 

 long transverse processes of the second to the fifth lumbar vertebra; 

 the tip of the sixth vertebra receives its tendon from a separate 

 bundle of muscular fibres, which are attached to the inferior surface 

 of the fourth transverse process ; and other fibres, arising from 

 the posterior margin and inferior surface of the fifth transverse 

 process, pass backwards to the crest of the ilium, a large part uniting 

 with the iliacus muscle. Thus the four muscles, the psoas magnus 

 and p. parvus, tlie quadratus lumbormn and the iliacus, may all be 

 said to be the same muscle, having various origins but the same 

 insertion. This mnscle may be considered a differentiated inter- 

 costaP, to which the name m. cos/o-ileo-femoralis might be applied. 



The sartorius is represented by a muscular aponeurosis, which 

 covers the muscles on the inner side of the thigh connected with the 

 fascia covering the iliacus mnscle, and more internally with the 

 pectineal eminence by a slender muscle which arises therefrom, in- 

 serted along the prominent ridge on the anterior surface of the 

 tibia. The semitendinosus is also peculiar in its connections. It 

 arises partly from the tuber ischii, and partly from a dense tendinous 

 aponeurosis attached across the upper surface and sides of the tail, by 

 which it is connected with the corresponding mnscle of the opposite 

 side. It consists of two laminaj, which unite and again divide ; the 

 outer division, smaller, passes outside the leg, and, becoming united 

 with the lower margin of the biceps flexor cruris, is inserted with it 

 into the tibial ridge; the inner, the m. semitendinosus proper, is 

 inserted into the inner side of the same ridge. The leg, there- 

 ' Soc Pr. G;ido»'s paper iu Morpholog. Jiiljrhudi, 1881, pp, 57-100. 



