IH81.] ANATOMY OF THK ERINACEID/E. 407 



peronei muscles are quite sitnilfir to those in Gt/mnura, but vary very 

 much in the different species in their modes of origin and connections 

 with the tendons of other muscles. Plantaris is well developed ; 

 and its tendon passes into the sole of the foot precisely as in Gijm- 

 nura ; but in some species i\\e Jiexor diyitomm brevis has also a cal- 

 caneal origin. Tiie tibialis posticus is represented, as in Gymnvra, 

 by a pair of muscles in E. europceus, concolor, macracanthus, ni(/er, 

 and blanfordi ; the internal muscle, however, is much smaller than 

 in that genus, and arises from the head of the tibia only, and is 

 altogetiier wanting in E. deserti, algirus, picfiis^, hetei'odactijlus, 

 and diadematus, which have the centre callosity of the sole of the 

 foot rudimentary or absent. 



Flexores digitoriim et hallucis longi, although united into a single 

 tendon before crossing the ankle-joint, are easily distinguishable in 

 the leg. In the foot this tendon (in E. macracanthus, niger, blan- 

 fordi, pictus, micropus) is joined by a^exor accessorius arising from 

 the OS calcis. Lumbricales exist in E. europaus, concolor, grayi, 

 macracanthus, and vdcroptis, but are represented by one or two very 

 small muscles connected with the deep flexor tendons for the third 

 and fourth toes, or, as in E. micropus, for the second toe only. 

 Flexor digitorum brevis (noticed above), in the long-toed species, as 

 E. europcEus, concolor, macracanthus, hlanfordi, niger, arises almost 

 wholly from the expanded tendon of the plantaris ; in the short- 

 toed, as E. micropus. heterodactijlus, diadematus, it is also largely 

 connected with the fibrous aponeurosis, attaching the sides of the 

 plantaris tendon to the os calcis, and a few fibres arise directly 

 from the bone itself; but nearly all the muscular fibres arising from 

 the OS calcis external to the tendon of the deep flexor really belong 

 to the abductor ossis metacarpi mifiimi digiti. 



Many other points of great interest are noticeable in the muscular 

 anatomy of the species of the genus Erinaceus, which will be found 

 treated of in the work from which these notes are taken (referred to 

 in the footnote to the first page of this paper), which the writer 

 hopes soon to publish. 



As might be expected from the comparatively much shorter jaws 

 of the species of Erinaceus, the palate-ridges are less in number 

 than in Gymnura, being nine only. The tongue is similar in general 

 appearance ; but the filiform papillse are bifid, and there are three 

 circumvallate papillae ; tonsils comparatively small, the depression 

 shallow and vertical, opening outwards and backwards. 



The digestive organs in the Common Hedgehog have been described 

 by Prof. Flower-, They probably more closely resemble those of 

 G. rafflesii than do those of any of the other species of the genus. 

 The chief dyferences observable are in the shape of the stomach 

 (fig. 3, p. 398), which has the cardiac extremity more expanded 



' Probably absent in E. ■microjjxs also ; but the specimens of that spscies ex- 

 aiuiued liad bad the upper parts of the legs removed. 



^ Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy of the Organs of Digestion of the 

 Mammalia, by W. H. Flower, I-'.E.S., llunterinn Professor. Publ. in 'Medical 

 Times and Gazette,' 1872, ii. p. 2. 



