1881.] ON THK ANATOMY OF THE EPOMOPHOUI. 685 



adult (both females), of the same species. One, received from 

 Mr. Carl Hagenbeck, of Hamburg, on the 25th of March 1881, 

 died on the 4th of the following month ; the other, received from 

 Mr. W. Cross, of Liverpool, on the 15th of July 1880, Hved until 

 the 31st of March 1881. Both these examples are from South 

 America. One of them is rather darker, and the pubescence on the 

 cephalothorax is of a more coppery reddish hue ; but in other 

 respects it agrees with the example described, though neither of them 

 is quite so large. 



EXPLANATION OP PLATE LX. 



Fig. 1. $ IIomceom7na sfradlinffi {(rom 'Dv.Stra.dling'a specimen). Natural size. 



2. Tbe same. Proiile of cephalothorax and falces, a little enlarged. 



3. The same. Eyes from above and behind. 



4. The same. Eyes from in front, looked at on a level vrith the Spider. 



5. The same. S fi'oin Brazil, right palpus, of natnral size. 



6. The same. Portion of right palpus enlarged, from above and behind, 



on the outer side, 



7. The same. Portion of right palpus, from underneath. 



4. On the Structure of the Pharynx, Larynx, and Hyoid 

 Bones m the Epomo])hori ; with Remarks on its Relation 

 to the Habits of these Animals. By G. E. Dobson, 

 M.A., M.B., &c. 



[Eeceived May 17, 1881.] 



In all species of Chiroptera, of which the structure of the pharynx 

 and larynx has hitherto been described, and in all those examined 

 up to the present by the writer, the form of these parts has been 

 found remarkably simple, differing but slightly from that of the 

 Insectivora, all agreeing in possessing a short pharynx, with tbe 

 small circular or narrow slit-like aperture of the larynx generally 

 guarded by a short acutely-pointed epiglottis, which, in some genera 

 {Harpyia, Vampyrus, e. g.), is almost obsolete, opening close behind 

 the fauces, near to which also the posterior nares enter — and in tbe 

 small size of the laryngeal cavity and feeble development of the 

 vocal cords, the hyoid bone also being slender and connected by a 

 chain of simple cylindrical bones with the cranium. 



In the Ejiomophori, however, we find in tbe structure of all these 

 parts a remarkable departure from the general type : the pharynx is 

 long and very capacious, the aperture of the larynx far removed 

 from the fauces ; and opyjosite to it a canal leading from the narial 

 chambers and extending along the back of the pharynx opens ; the 

 laryngeal cavity is spacious, and its walls are ossified ; and the vocal 

 cords are well developed; the hyoid bone is quite unconnected, ex- 

 cept by muscle, with the cranium ; the ceratohyals and epihyals 

 are cartilaginous and greatly expanded, entering into the formation 

 of the walls of the pharynx, and, in the males of two species at least, 



