1881.] 'lightning' AND 'PORCUPINb' EXPEDITIONS. 707 



Syn. C. mucronatum, Poli ; liis C. echinatum, as well as that of 

 Bruguiere, Olivi, Brocchi, and Basterot, is C. erinaceum of Lamarck. 

 The C. echinatum and C. ciliatum of Fabricius are C. islandicum of 

 Chemnitz. C. deshmjesii, Payraudeau, is a pretty and remarkable 

 variety of the present species. There are several other synonyms. 



4. Cardium erinaceum, Lamarck. 



Cardium erinaceum, Lam. An. s. vert. vi. (1), p. 8; Poli, Test, 

 utr. Sic. i. t. xvii. f. 4, .5 (as C. echinatum). 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. C. Sagres (fragment). 



Distribution. Mediterranean, Adriatic, ^gean. 



Fossil. Phocene : Sicily. Post-tertiary ; Calabria. 



The ' Porcupine ' fragment indicates an extraordinary size. It is 

 a portion of the posterior side ; and the oblong wart-like tubercles 

 resemble those of Venus verrucosa. 



1/5. Cardium TUBERCULATUM, Linne. 



Cardium tuberculatum, L. S. N. p. 1122: B. C. ii. p. 273; v. 

 p. 181, pi. xsxiv. f. 3. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Med. St. 50. 



Distribution. British seas to Egypt, Adriatic, Madeira, Canaries; 

 0-40 fms. 



Fossil. Upper Tertiaries : S. France, Italy, Rhodes. Post-ter- 

 tiary : British Isles, Calabria; 0-1200 ft. 



Probably also C. rusticum of Linne, but not of Chemnitz. 



1^6. Cardium papillosum, Poli. 



Cardium papillosum, Poli, Test. utr. Sic. i. p. 56, t. xvi. f. 2-4 : 

 B. C. ii. p. 275 ; v. p. 181, pi. xxxv. f. 1. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. Vigo B., Setubal B., 22, 24, 

 Tangier B. ; Med. Algesiras B., 50, 55, Beiizert Road, G. Bona, G. 

 Tunis, Adventure Bank. 



Distribution. Channel Isles to the Eastern Mediterranean, Adri- 

 atic, Mogador, Madeira, Canaries, Azores; 2-120 fms. 



Fossil. Upper Tertiaries and Post-tertiary : Raised beach in 

 Barnstaple Bay (Prestwich) !, Belgium ?, Austrian Empire, S.W. 

 and S. France, Italy, Greece, Rhodes, Cyprus, Madeira. 



Several synonyms : Philippi's fossil species of this name from 

 N.W. Germany is C. hochi of Semper. 



y^ 7. Cardium exiguum, Gmelin. 



C. exiguum, Gmel. S. N. (ed. xiii.) p. 3255 : B. C. ii. p. 278 ; 

 V. p. 181, pi. xxxv. f. 2. 



' Lightning ' Exp. St. 4, Faroe Banks. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1869: St. Donegal B. 1870; Med. 50, Ad- 

 venture Bank. 



Distribution. Finmark to E. Mediterranean, Adriatic, Black 

 Sea; 0-120 fms. 



