1881. J SOUTH-AFRICAN RHINOCEROSES. 733 



agreed that the animal is M. bicornis (Upeygan or Borele) ; if the 

 second horn is from twelve inches to two feet long, they will be 

 unanimous that it is R. heitloa (Shangainea or Keitloa) ; whereas if 

 the posterior horn be neither short nor long, but just betwixt and 

 between, they will argue for hours amongst themselves as to whether 

 the animal be B. bicornis or B. leitloa ; but their main argument 

 is always based upon the length of the horn. 



Every one who has wandered over country frequented by Rhino- 

 ceroses must have noticed that the square-mouthed species leaves 

 its dung alone, not throwing it about with its horn, nor ploughing 

 up the ground every now and again as it walks along; whereas the 

 Prehensile-lipped Rhinoceroses almost invariably throw their dung 

 all over the place, sometimes ploughing up holes a foot deep with 

 their noses and horns ; and they are, too, continually making semi- 

 circular furrows in the ground as they walk along. This is done by 

 every Prehensile-lipped Rhinoceros, irrespective of the length of the 

 posterior horn ; therefore, if there are two species, it must be con- 

 ceded that their habits are exactly similar in this respect. Again, 

 the Square-mouthed Rhinoceros {R. simus) walks and runs with its 

 nose close to the ground, whilst all Prehensile-lipped Rhinoceroses 

 walk and run with their heads carried high in the air. A calf of 

 the square-mouthed species always runs when small in front of its 

 mother, whereas the small calves of all Prehensile-lipped Rhinoce- 

 roses always follow their mothers. Therefore whilst there are many 

 and wide differences of form and habit between the Square-mouthed 

 and all Prehensile-lipped Rhinoceroses, the habits of both species of 

 the latter (if there be two species) are exactly similar. 



In conclusion, I have only to bring to your notice the series of horns 

 which is now upon the table, and ask those gentlemen who believe 

 that there are two distinct species of Prehensile-lipped Rhinoceroses 

 in Southern Africa to point out where B, bicornis ceases and 

 B. leitloa commences. 



List of Horns exhibited, and figured on Plate LXII. 



(1) Black Rhinoceros, S- Shot by J. S. Jameson and myself, 

 near the Umniati river, North-eastern Mashuna land, August 

 1880. (Plate LXII. fig. I.) 



(2) Black Rhinoceros, S- Shot by myself at Thamma Setjie, 

 on the Zambesi road, November 1874. (Plate LXII. fig. 2.) 



(3) Black Rhinoceros, $ . Shot by J. S. Jameson on the lower 

 Umfule, North-eastern Mashuna land, August 1880. (Plate LXII. 

 fig. 3.) 



(4) Black Rhinoceros, $. Shot by myself near the junction of 

 the Gwai and Shangani rivers, Matabele country, September 1873. 

 (Plate LXII. fig. 4.) 



(5) Black Rlii'-.oceros, S . Shot by J. S. Jameson near the 

 river Umsengairi, North-eastern Mashuna laud, September 1880. 

 (Plate LXII. fig. 5.) 



(6) Black Rhl.;oceros, ? . Shot by H. 0. CoUison near the 



