1881.] OF AMtTRLAND, NORTH CHINA, AND JAPAN. 8/9 



characters I can perceive in a Slianghai specimen before me, but do 

 not consider them of much importance. 



Chinese specimens in Dr. Staudinger's collection are more like 

 jR. aspasia ; and Bremer states that a Chinese specimen he examined 

 agrees with R. rhamni ; so that the differences are evidently not 

 constant. 



The Himalayan form distinguished as E. nipalensis is known by its 

 bright colour, and by the wings having the marginal spots more 

 conspicuous than usual in R. rhamni, which, however, it resembles 

 more in colour and shape than it does R. aspasia. 



Butler includes both R. nipalensis and R. aspasia as distinct species 

 in his list of Maries's Nikko collection (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, 

 vii. p. 133); so that the result of a comparison of authorities is clearly 

 to show that not one of these forms is constant in any one locality, 

 though no one has been able to bring together a sufficient series to 

 prove this. 



Blanchard, in Comptes Rendus de 1' Academic des Sciences, vol. 

 Ixxii. p. 810, mentions, though he does not fully describe, two species 

 of Rhodocera from Moupin, one of which, R. amintha, is a third 

 larger than R. rhamni ; and the other, R. alvinda, is said to be very 

 near R. aspasia and R. rhamni. 



CoLiAS PALCENO, Liuu. Faun. Suec. p. 272. 



? C. pallens, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. ix. p. 50. 



Found in various parts of the Amur countries, and in the moun- 

 tains of Central Japan at 7000 feet elevation. 



Both sexes agree perfectly with European specimens. 



The type of C. pallens, But!., from Hakodadi, which I have ex- 

 amined, is a miserably worn faded specimen, of no value for scientific 

 purposes, and may be either a female of this or a small pale C. hi/ale. 



CoLiAs HYALE, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 469. 



? C.poliographus, Motsch. Et. Ent. p. 29 (1860). 



C. simoda, De I'Orza, Lep. Jap. p. 16 (1869). 

 ? C. nereine, Fisch., Motsch. Et. Ent. p. 29. 



C. erate, Esp., Murray, Ent. M. Mag. 18/6, p. 34. 



C. erate ab helictha, Led., Brem. Ost-Sib., Nachtrag, p. 93. 



C. subaurata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vii. p. 138. 



C. elwesii, Butl. loc. cit. p. 135, 



The number of names under which the forms of this tyjie found 

 in Japan have been mentioned by various authors show the difficulty 

 in dealing with them. 



I have aheady given my opinion on the question in the Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. Lond. 1880, p. 144, and further in Ann. & Mag. Nat. 

 Hist. ser. 5, vol. vii. p. 464. I will say no more, except tliat the form 

 of C. hyale which is usually known as C. simoda occurs clnnidantly in 

 Japan, at Askold, though apparently not generally in Amurland, 

 and also at Pekin and Shanghai, the specimens agreeing well with 

 the ordinary Japanese type. 



