1881.] OF AMURLAND, NORTH CHINA, AND JAPAN. 897 



Vankssa c-album, Linn, Syst. Nat. x. p. 4/7. 



V.fentoni, Butler, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 281 (1878). 



V. hamigera, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. sev. 4, xix. p. 92. 



V. c-album, Strecker, Cat. Amer. Lap. p. 130. 



I have little doubt that the supposed species described as above 

 are only varieties of V. c-album ; at least it will require much better 

 evidence than we hiive to prove the contrar3\ The Japanese speci- 

 mens which I have seen are variable in the colour of the underside, 

 but not more so than European and American specimens. Butler 

 says that V. fentoni is nearest to V. satyrus. 1 have a series of 

 specimens from Washington Territory supposed to belong to four or 

 five distinct species, but which seem to me to be all forms of one, 

 which, until the confusion which exists in this difficult group is 

 cleared up, I prefer to call V. c-album. Some of them with greenish 

 underside agree with a Japanese specimen ; and I have a specimen 

 of V. c-albvm from Norway very black below, agreeing with others, 

 which are called by American collectors V. satjjrus. A specimen 

 from Zurich agrees with what I had from Mr. Janson as V.fentoni 

 in all important characters. The species seems not common, but 

 occurs in Central Japan and Amurland. 



V, c-AUREUM, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. 77S. 



V. angelica, Cr. t. 388; Jans. Cist. Ent. ii. p. 271. 



I need not go into tlie much-argued question as to the correct 

 name of this, hue am disposed to think that as Linnseus's descrip- 

 tion is applicable, and he distinctly says it is from Asia, we may take 

 his name in preference to that of V. angelica, Cr. 



The species is common in Japan and China, but has not ytt 

 been found in the Amur region. 



V. PRYERi, Janson, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 269 (1878). 



This, though allied to the last species, is, I think, clearly distinct. 

 It is brownish or chocolate below, with the L-shaped mark on the 

 hind wings large and distinct, whilst V. c-aureum is always of a paler 

 yellowish colour below. 



V. TjRTic^, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 4/7. 



Occurs uncommonly in Amurland and Japan, if, as I believe, the 

 variety which Mr. Fenton calls V. buileri, MSS., is the same. Those 

 I have seen from Raddefskaia have the hind part of fore wing and 

 basal two thirds of hind wing much suffused with black. 



V. CALLiRHOE, Fab. S. E. 473 (1775). 



Papilio atalanta indica, Herbst, t. 180. fig. 12 (1794). 



Occurs in Japan, China, and Amurland. 



V. CARDTJi, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 475. 

 Occurs in Amurland and Japan, doubtless also in China. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc— 1881, No. LVIIL 58 



