Revieios — Indian Geology. 79 



thus they never run dry in a normal succession of seasons. There 

 is, then, no need to appeal to occult causes, such as natural artesian 

 action, pressure derived from the copper-mountain, or subterranean 

 syphons connected tcith mysterious luater stores at iinJcnown depths, 

 goodness knows where ! " (p. 58.) 



The lower Transition or Dharwar Rocks, a great system of sub- 

 metamorphic sedimentary rocks with numerous contemporaneous 

 trap-flows, was first recognized by Foote as distinct from the 

 South Indian gneiss ; these rocks were originally deposited over 

 very much larger areas than those they now occupy, and very 

 probably extended across the whole or nearly the whole peninsula. 



The Dharwar System was exposed to great contortion and deforma- 

 tion at a very remote geological period, followed by vast denudation, 

 which eroded and cut up the enormous folds, into which they had 

 been previously forced, into the great bands in which they now 

 occur. These transition rocks are richly interbedded with bands of 

 haematite, giving them gi'eat stability and resistance to denudation, 

 so that they now form most of the hilly country of the district. 

 Many illustrations and geological sections accompany this chapter, 

 pp. 74-175. These are followed by the intrusive rocks in the 

 Archfean area, the Laterite terraces, the alluvial deposits, the 

 subaerial formations, and econoraio geology. Under this last 

 heading we find that iron, manganese, gold, and copper are met 

 with, the iron alone occurring in any quantity. There are also 

 excellent building stones. 



The last chapter is devoted to prehistoric economic geology, and 

 describes the various implements met with of Palasolithic and 

 Neolithic age down to iron axes closely imitating polished stone 

 implements in form. 



2. Baroda State. — Mr. Bruce Foote introduces his memoir on 

 Baroda as follows : — " The duty of making a geological survey of 

 the Baroda State was entrusted to me early in October, 1891, and 

 occupied the working seasons of 1892, 1893, and 1894. During 

 those three years I visited carefully and examined closely all the 

 important mineral regions lying within the limits of the State, both 

 in Gujarat and Kathiawax*. The completion of this memoir has been 

 delayed partly by personal ill-health and by difficulties connected 

 with the preparation of the maps and plates requisite to illustrate 

 the memoir, the work required being of such a nature that all the 

 most important parts had to be done by myself, and did not admit 

 of my being appreciably assisted by anyone else." 



The Gujarat divisions of Baroda are separated from each other by 

 intercalated parts of British territory belonging to the districts of 

 Surat, Broach, Kaira, and Ahmedabad, and the political agencies of 

 Rewakanta, Panch Mahals, and Mahikanta. 



The southern half of the Baroda territory lies about ten miles 

 inland from the Gulf of Cambay, except in the Nausari taluq 

 between Mindhola and Purna Rivers, where the Baroda territory 

 forms the seaboard ; but the State possesses no seaport of any 



