Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 285 



the latter characterized by the sudden appearance in the Crag basin, 

 in prodigious abundance, of Tellina balthica, repi'esent separate 

 stages in the continued refrigeration of East Anglia during the 

 Pliocene period; but the so-called "Forest-bed" or Cromerian 

 (fresh-water and estuarine) with its southern mammalia, and its 

 flora, similar to that of Norfolk at the present day, clearly indicates 

 a return to more temperate conditions, and should therefore be 

 separated alike from the Weybourn Ci'ag on the one hand, and from 

 the Zeda myalis Sands and the Arctic fresh- water bed of Mr. Clement 

 Eeid on the other. The two latter seem naturally to group 

 themselves together, and with the Glacial deposits. 



The conditions under which the Red Crag beds originated seem 

 to exist at the pi-esent day in Holland, where sandy material 

 brought down by rivers, with dead shells in great abundance from 

 the adjacent sea, is being thrown against and upon the coast, 

 principally by means of the westerly winds now prevalent. From 

 meteorological considerations, it seems probable that strong gales 

 from the east may have prevailed over the Crag area during the 

 latter part of the Pliocene epoch. No other explanation of the 

 accumulation of such vast quantities of dead shells on the East 

 Anglian margin of the North Sea at that period can be suggested. 

 At the present day, the eastern shores of Norfolk and Suffolk ai-e 

 almost destitute of such debris. 



Mr. J. Lomas, in his Report on the Inorganic Constituents of 

 the Crag, states that lithologically the various subdivisions of the 

 Red Crag are the same. Differences of colour may be traced to 

 definite lines of flow along which water containing ferruginous 

 matter has moved. 



Among the rarer minerals separated out b}' high-density fluids, 

 zircon, rutile, cyanite, ilmenite with leucoxene, garnets, andalusite, 

 corundum, tourmaline, muscovite, biotite, glauconite, orthoclase, 

 labradorite, albite, and microcline are found. In the heavy fractions 

 red garnets are very common. Tourmaline occurs abundantl}'^, and 

 includes green, blue, yellow, and brown varieties. Muscovite pre- 

 dominates over biotite, and often includes rounded crystals of 

 zircon, rutile, etc. Ferro-magnesian minerals, with the exception 

 of biotite, are absent. Glauconite is very plentiful, and frequently 

 retains the form of the organisms of which it has formed casts. 



In the Norwich Crag the same minerals are present, but musco- 

 vite is found in excess. The Chillesford Sands differ from the Crags 

 only in the absence of glauconite. The bulk of the material of the 

 beds described consists of well-rounded grains of quartz, seldom 

 showing traces of secondary crystallization. Flint occurs as large 

 pebbles, and fine angular chips are met with in the sands. 



2. " A Description of the Salt-Lake of Larnaca in the Island of 

 Cyprus." By C. V. Bellamy, Esq., F.G.S., Assoc. M. Inst. C.E. 



After a brief description of the general geology and geography of 

 the island the author proceeds to deal with the topography of the 

 Lake, which occurs in a basin shut off from the sea, its deepest part 

 being about 10 leet below sea-level. The barrier between the salt- 



