Colonel Feilden's Contributions to Glacial Geology. 293 



which it rests ; the included stones were angular fragments of that 

 rock ; none were rounded or ice-scratched. In many places it is 

 "full of shells of marine moUusca, Saxicava arctica predominating, 

 though I found other species common enough. In some localities 

 one might gather these shells by the bushel, few of them broken, 

 never triturated, and in some cases the two valves are in contact." 

 Raised beaches were observed in all the above-named parts of 

 Novaya Zemlya, but more particular descriptions are given of those 

 around Beluga Bay in the Matyushin Shar, and on the eastern outlet 

 of that strait. The beaches, four or five in number, rise one above 

 the other in a series of terraces with broad level surfaces, separated 

 by slopes of about 100 feet in height, the most elevated being about 

 500 feet above present sea-level. Sections have been cut in them 

 by streams, which disclosed accumulations of shells, chiefly Saxicava 

 arctica and Astarte borealis. "The 100-foot terrace has a common 

 origin with a series of outliers in the shape of rounded hills and 

 eminences, now detached to some distance from the line of terrace 

 and bordering the present sea-shore. A section in one showed it to 

 be composed of the same materials, viz., rounded stones, sand, 

 and gravel." At elevations up to 1,000 feet on the hillsides 

 bounding the Matyushin Shar, Colonel Feilden came across " patches 

 of rounded waterworn pebbles, that seemed to be remnants of still 

 loftier sea beaches," but they were so overwhelmed by the screes 

 falling from the upper parts of the mountains, that they could not be 

 traced very far in a horizontal direction. 



Mr. Joseph Wright, F.G.S., has written a most valuable report 

 on the foraminifera from these deposits in Novaya Zemlya and 

 Waigats Island. The samples of clay, twenty-sis in number, twelve 

 from various parts of the Cape Matinsela terraces, averaged about 

 2^ oz. from each locality. It may suffice to give a brief abstract of 

 the general results, referring the reader to the report' for particulars. 

 In Waigats Island, clay or mud with shells at 50 feet elevation 

 from four localities yielded foraminifera : one, two genera ; another, 

 three; a third, three genei-a; individuals in all cases being rare; 

 but the fourth locality afforded 8 genera and 14 species, four of 

 these being common, besides frequent sponge spicules.- Clay with 

 shells, 100 feet elevation, gave 6 genera and 9 species, only one 

 of them common. Eleven small samples from the terraces and 

 deposits of Cape Matinsela, which rise to the height of 150 feet, 

 furnished only two foraminifera, of the same number of genera, 

 but sponge spicules were very common. On the Russian mainland, 

 near Habarova, clay with shells, forming the surface soil of the 

 tundra, at 25 feet elevation, contained 9 genera and 13 species, 

 six of them common, besides frequent sponge spicules and very 

 numerous ostracods. From the same neighbourhood, clay with 

 shells at 50 feet elevation afforded 3 genera and 4 species. The 

 specimens from Matyushin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, gave the following 

 results : — East side of Beluga Bay, 100-foot terrace, 3 genera and 



1 Ut supra, pp. 297-310. 



^ In the remainder of this summary, the omission of any statement means "rare." 



