Reports and Proceedings — Geological Sociefi/ of London. 335 



II.— June 6, 1900.— J. J. H. Teall, Esq., M.A., F.E.S., President, 

 in the Chair. The following communications were read : — 



1. " Mechanically-formed Limestones from Junagadh and other 

 Localities." By Dr. J. W. Evans, LL.B., F.G.S. 



After reviewing the conditions under which granular limestones 

 ma}'^ be accumulated by current- or wind-action, the autlior proceeds 

 to describe the limestone of Junagadh, a deposit some 200 feet 

 thick, resembling in hand-specimens the Oolites of this country, 

 though less firmly cemented together. It is mainly formed of grains 

 consisting of a nucleus of a fragment of a marine organism or 

 foi'amini feral test, surrounded by a layer of deposited carbonate of 

 lime. Particles derived fi'om the igneous rocks of the neighbour- 

 hood and rounded quartz-grains also occui', but amount to only 

 a small percentage of the rock. The whole is bound together by 

 colourless calcite-ceraent. The deposit is situate at a distance of 

 30 miles from the sea, and contains no large fossils of any kind. 



Calcareous rocks of similar character are described from other 

 parts of Kathiawad, Kach, the south-eastern coast of Arabia, and the 

 Persian Gulf; some of these contain unbroken marine shells and 

 other fossils. These beds are included by Dr. H. J. Carter under 

 the name of miliolite, on account of the frequent presence in them of 

 the genus Miliola. 



The author discusses the origin of these deposits, and comes to 

 the conclusion that the grains were formed in sea- water saturated 

 with carbonate of lime : some being deposited by currents in shallow 

 water, and others thi-own up as a calcareous beach, frOm which 

 a portion were sifted out by the wind and blown inland to form 

 aaolian deposits, as contended by Professor Blake in the case of 

 certain superficial limestones in Kach. The Junagadh limestone 

 falls into the last group, but must have been formed when the land 

 was at a low level and the sea-shore was at no great distance. 



A rapid survey is then taken of similar rocks in other parts of 

 the world, which may be grouped into the same three classes. The 

 remarkable wind-blown foraminiferal deposit of Dog's Bay (Gal way) 

 is referred to in some detail; and the author concludes by suggesting 

 that in the Oolites of the Jurassic period we have representatives of 

 all three groups. 



2. " Note on the consolidated ^olian Sands of Kathiawad." By 

 Frederick Chapman, Esq., A.L.S., F.R.M.S. (Communicated by 

 Dr. J. W. Evans, LL.B., F.G.S.) 



The name miliolite-formation was originally given by Dr. H. J. 

 Carter to certain granular calcareous deposits occurring on the coast- 

 line between the peninsula of India and the mouth of the Indus. 

 The foraminifera and other organic remains in the rocks must have 

 inhabited moderately shallow to littoral marine areas. The minute 

 granules are worn and polished; the prevailing genera of foraminifera 

 are roundish, and would be easily moved bj' wind ; remains of 

 larger oi'ganisms are absent ; and the deposits are false-bedded. 

 All these phenomena are explicable if the deposits represent the 

 accumulation cf material derived from littoral calcareous sand of 



