422 Revieios — Smithsonian Institution, Washington — 



The figures of Astrorliiza (plates i-iii), whose chambers and tubes- 

 are built up of agglutinated grains of sand, are remarkably effective, 

 as are also those of Pilulina Jeffreijsi. Where all are so excellent it 

 would be difficult to specially select for praise certain plates ; but we 

 may mention BeopJiax (plates xvi-xviii), Haplophragmkm {x\x-x-s\) , 

 Ammodiscus (xxiii), Eormosina (xxv), Cyclammina (xxvii), iaaudryina 

 (xxxiii), Clavulina (xxxiv-xxxvi), Bilocidina (xxxviii-xl), Spiro- 

 loculina (xlii, xliii), Peneroplis (xlix), Orbitoides (1-lii), Nodosaria 

 (Iv-lviii, superb), Cristellaria (Ixvi, Ixvii), Pidvinidina (Ixxv), 

 Botalia (Ixxvi). "We agree with the author in thinking that some of 

 the more minute forms, such as Truncatidina, Anomalina, Discorbma, 

 TJvigerina, etc., would have shown to greater advantage if they had 

 been magnified more highly, but the work is, as a whole, most 

 excellent. 



(B) Under the division of Ethnology Mr. Joseph D. McGuire 

 gives us an interesting and well-illustrated memoir on " Pipes 

 and Smoking Customs of the American Aborigines," based ou 

 materials in the U.S. National Museum and elsewhere. There are 

 239 illustrations of pipes in the text, a frontispiece, and 4 maps 

 showing the distribution of objects over the United States. 



Tobacco cannot be considered a geological product (although 

 largely consumed by geologists !), yet the material out of which 

 the ancient stone pipes of North America were manufactured is not 

 without interest, from a strictly scientific point of view, to non-smokers 

 among geologists and antiquaries. Indeed, in fig. 64 is depicted 

 a fossil pipe from Pottawatomie, Kansas, made of the outer whorl of 

 an Ammonite (probably Schloenhachia Peruviana or acuiicarinata) , 

 the shape of which probably attracted the curiosity of the Indians. 



Another material largely used was ' Catlinite,' a red clay forming 

 beds of considerable extent in Pipestone County, in the south- 

 western part of Minnesota (named after the writer on the American 

 Indians, George Catlin). In addition, we may quote banded green 

 slate, steatite, greenstone, a concretion, volcanic tuff, sandstone, 

 pipe of stalagmite, of mica, obsidian, jade, porphyry, and Oolitic 

 limestone as among the materials used. But clay of various kinds 

 (moulded and afterwards kilned) was also very largely in demand. 



Of the figure pipes many were no doubt ' totems ' of the tribes^^ 

 as the hawk, dog, frog, turtle, raccoon, eagle, duck, pigeon, swan, 

 snake, human hands and head. A pipe shaped like an elephant^ 

 is very puzzling, for it implies, if genuine, that the designer was 

 acquainted with the animal, which seems incredible for a Mound- 

 Indian of Iowa, or that it was of later date, in fact a European 

 workman's fabrication of the same dishonest type as the 'antiquities' 

 made by the celebrated English impostor known as ' Flint Jack.' Of 

 other materials for the manufacture of pipes we may mention wood, 

 wood and stone, wood and lead pipe, a combination of clay, copper, 

 and wood, a pipe of willow, a pipe of bone, of copper, of lead, 

 a combination of stone and bone, a bronze pipe, a brazed iron pipe, 



^ Could it have been a mammoth or a mastodon which the artist had seen, or -was- 

 it a modern Indian elephant he had copied f 



