Dr. Forsyth Major — Extinct Primates of Madagascar. 495 



posterior upper deciduous molar, A peculiar feature of these teeth 

 is the strong development of the antero-external cusp. Von Lorenz 

 has figured, after photographs received from Sikora, the upper and 

 side view of an imperfect skull of apparently the same species, from 

 the cave of Andrahomana, near Fort Dauphin/ 



III. NESOPITHECUS and allies. 



Under various generic denominations, viz., LopJdolemur, Filh. 

 (1895), Nesopithecus, Maj. (1896), Globilemur, Maj. (1897), Brady- 

 lemur, G. Grandid. (1899), Protoindris, Lor. (1900), a certain 

 number of more or less fragmentary skulls and lower jaws of 

 apparently very closely allied extinct Primates from Madagascar 

 have been briefly noticed during the last few years. 



It is quite possible that, when more completely known, these 

 remains may in fact deserve to be classed in more than one genus ; 

 on the other hand, some of the specific names will be reduced to 

 synonyms ; for the present, or at least for the purpose of the present 

 notice, this is unessential. Should they prove to belong to one 

 genus, the name Lopliiolemur would have the priority, or rather 

 probably Archmolemur, a name based by Filhol on some leg-bones 

 from Belo on the west coast ; ^ the few characters given of the 

 humerus of ArclicBolemur agree with those of two species of 

 Nesopithecus. The primary question, however, refers to their 

 relationship with other Primates. 



The first noticed of all these remains is the cranial portion of 

 a skull, which I described and figured in 1893,^ approximating it to 

 Hapalolemur ; the name Glohtlemnr assigned to it dates from 1897.* 

 In the marshes of Sirabe (Central Madagascar) I subsequently found 

 the anterior portion of a skull and other remains, which I shortly 

 described under the name of Nesopithecus Boberti, establishing for 

 them a separate family of Anthropoidea, " intermediate in some 

 respects between the South American Cebidfe and the Old-World 

 Oercopithecida^, besides presenting characters of its own." ^ 



Meanwhile Filhol had published the new genus Lophiolemur 

 (L. SJdivardsi), chiefly on two mandibular rami discovered long ago 

 by M. A. Grandidier at Ambolisatra (south-west coast). ^ These 

 rami, which I have been able to examine owing to the kindness of 

 Professor Filhol, are undoubtedly closely related, if not generically 

 identical, with Nesopithecus ; it seemed to me that their molars were 

 slightly more lophodont than in the latter genus. G. Gi'andidier, in 

 his turn, has discovered at Belo an upper and a lower jaw, the 

 characters of which justify in his opinion the creation of the new 

 genus Bradylemur (B. robustus), related to Lophiolemur and to 

 Nesopithecus.^ 



1 Op. cit., p. 14. 



2 Bull. Mus. d'hist. nat. Paris, 1895, No. 1, p. 13. 

 » Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, p. 532. 



* Proc. Roy. Soc. London, vol. Ixii (1897), p. 46. 



5 Geol. Mag., Dec. IV, Vol. Ill, October, 1896, p. 436. 



^ Loc. cit., p. 13. 



'^ Bull. Mu.s. d'hist. nat. Paris, 1899, No. 7, pp. 346-348, with live text-figures. 



