The Multiplication of Suburbs. 



31 



connected with the metropolis places their number at 3,250,000, 

 or second only to London in point of population. 



This territory, tributary to but lying outside of the charter 

 limits of New York, has increased in population at a tremen- 

 dous rate during the past ten years, while the growth of the city 

 proper has been confined to the upper parts of Manhattan island 

 and the portion of the city lying upon the mainland. The 

 down-town parts of the city have -diminished in population 

 during the past ten years. This means simply that the ground 

 formerly occupied by residences is being taken for business pur- 

 poses ; that the lower part of Manhattan island is becoming more 

 and more devoted to business to the exclusion of residence. 



A similar state of affairs has long existed in London. London 

 consists essentially of a number of municipalities under various 

 names, of which one, the corporation of London, occupies the 

 center of the city, the neighborhood of Saint Paul's. In 1881 

 this corporation had a population of only 50,000, while in 1891 it 

 had become reduced to 37,000, owing to the extension of busi- 

 ness and the consequent reduction in residence. 



The average size of families has diminished continuously since 

 1850, when statistics were first obtained, from 5.55 down to 4.93 

 in 1890. In that year the largest families were found in the 

 south and the smallest in New England and in the frontier 

 states, as shown on the map forming plate 10, figure 1. 



Sex. 



The last five censuses — that is, since 1850 — have classified the 

 population by sex. At each census males have been slightly in 

 excess of females, the proportion of males ranging from 50.56 up 

 to 51.21 of the total population, as seen in the following table: 



