Alienation of our Cities. • 43 



born or children of foreign born, and in the new state of North 

 Dakota four-fifths of the people are of immediate foreign extrac- 

 tion, Avhile only one-fifth of the inhabitants are of American 

 stock. 



In onr great cities the situation is even more startling. Thus, 

 in Boston the native element constitutes but 30 per cent ; in 

 Brooklyn, 28, and in Buffalo, 2-2 ; while New York, with only 18 

 per cent, is practically a foreign city, so far as its population is 

 concerned. Chicago contains a native element of but 20 per cent 

 and Detroit of 21, while among these great cities Milwaukee 

 stands at the head, or foot, as you please, Avith a native element 

 of but 13 per cent. These are presented graphically in the 

 accompanying plate 17. 



The most extreme case which has fallen under my notice 

 however, is that of the little cit}^ of Ish23eming, in the heart of the 

 iron region of Michigan, a city of some 11,000 people, of Avhich 

 only 6 per cent are native born of native parents, the remainder, 

 94 per cent, being foreign born or the children of the foreign born. 



Summary. 



I have attempted to'siim up in a diagram (plate 19) a part of the 

 substance of this paper. This is an attempt to show the growth 

 of each element of the population for a century, with its status 

 at the end of the century. 



The breadth of the diagram opposite the years is proportional 

 to the population at that date, and the breadth of the various 

 subdivisions is ^proportional to the numbers of the three elements , 

 colored, native and foreign. The immigration of each decade is 

 indicated by the additions between the dates. The separation 

 between the elements of native and foreign blood is, of course, 

 only an approximation. A tentative separation was made under 

 the assumption that the rate of natural increase of the foreign 

 element was equal to that of the native element. Under this as- 

 sumption the separation was carried forward to 1870, where, as 

 explained above, a definite separation was made by the census 

 enumeration, lliis gave a correction which showed that the 

 natural increase of the foreign element had been more rapid than 

 that of the native element. Accordingly the earlier results were 

 corrected and the rates of increase of the foreign and of the native 

 elements thus deduced were projected forward to 1890. The 



