Vol. V, pp. 97-256 January 31, 1894 



THE 



NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



PROCEEDINGS 



OP THE 



INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE 



IN 



CHICAGO 

 JULY 27-28, 1893 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 98 



Minutes of the Conference 101 



Memoirs and Addresses 112 



The Relations of Air and Water to Temperature and Life ; by 



Gardiner G. Hubbard ; 112 



Tlie Relations of Geography to History ; by Francis W. Parker. 125 



Norway and the Vikings ; by Captain Magnus Andersen 132 



Geographic Instruction in tlie public Schools ; by W. B. Powell. 137 

 The Relations of Geology to Physiography in our educational 



System ; by T. C. Chamberlin 1 54 



The Relations of the Gulf Stream and the Labrador C-urrent ; by 



AVilliam Libbey, Junior 1 61 



The arid Regions of the United States ; by F. H. Newell 167 



Recent Explorations in Alaska; by Eliza Ruiiamah Scidmore. . 173 



The Caravels of Columbus ; by Victor Maria Concas 180 



In the Wake of Columbus ; by Frederick A. Ober 187 



Recent Disclosures concerning pre-Columbian Voyages to Amer- 

 ica in the Archives of the Vatican ; by William Eleroy Curtis. 197 

 Early Voyages along the Northwestern Coast of America ; by 

 George Davidson 235 



U— N.vr. Grog. Mag., voi,. V, 1893. (97) 



