ROYAL IjSTSTITUTIO-S" OF CORMVALL, 289 



About a quarter of a mile from the end of the headland 

 the cliffs approach one another, a little cove running inland on 

 the southern side, and this spot was fixed on for the site of the 

 line of defence across the point. For more than half the width 

 the old Valiums and ditches are nearly perfect, and form a very 

 formidable defence ; there are two Valiums with a deep ditch 

 between, and a shallower one outside starting from the outside 

 of the entrenchment ; the first ditch is about 3 feet deep, then 

 comes the outer vallum 5 feet above the bottom of this ditch, 

 and 10 feet above the inner ditch, beyond which the main 

 vallum rises to a height of 12 feet from the bottom of this 

 ditch, and 7 feet above the general level of the ground inside. 



The total width of Valiums and ditches is 65 feet, and both 

 mounds have a steep front outwards with a more gradual slope 

 towards the protected area. 



This bulwark commences at the clifi; at the north-east of 

 the Headland, and runs up the hill, which is very steep, for about 

 70 yards, nearly to its crest, in an almost perfect condition, 

 except when cut by a modern mine cart-track that crosses it 

 about midway up : as evidence of the pains bestowed on its 

 construction, the outer ditch was cut on the top of the hill 

 through the solid rock, which still shows on its outer edge. 



Further west for the remaining third of the distance, all 

 traces of the castle have been obliterated by Huel Grolden 

 Mine, the engine house and refuse heaps being exactly on the 

 course of the line of defence, which bent apparently slightly to 

 the west, to reach the nearest angle of the cove in the western 

 cliff. 



Like Ligger Gastle, no well can be traced inside the area, 

 or any signs of hut circles ; whilst the ever swirling rush of the 

 tide around the jagged rocks below, would render a landing, 

 except under very exceptional circumstances, a matter of the 

 utmost diflB.culty, if not of utter impossibility. 



Kelsey Head Cliff Castle. 



A mile and a half north-east of Penhale Point, the fine 

 promontory of Kelsey Head runs into the sea, being the next 

 in the chain of points on this ironbouud coast where — 



