Geographic Notes 



11 



of way," and works just as diligently 

 in the field and in the workshop, and, 

 what is more to the point, for equal work 

 s;ets equal pay I This freedom enjoyed 

 by women in Japan is not of recent 

 growth. It is not the outcome of the 

 emergence of the nation from aristocratic 

 feudalism into the light and practices of 

 modern politics and government, but has 

 always existed, and is as much a matter 

 of course as is the contrary in China. 



The contrasts and comparisons made 

 in the course of this paper are especially 

 interesting when the histories of these 

 two peoples are compared, for it would 

 seem certain that the remote origins of 

 the Japanese and the Chinese were far 

 apart, the doctrine of modifications pro- 

 duced by environment being inadequate 

 to account for the brain-fiber differences 

 now existing between these two most in- 

 teresting historical entities. 



GEOGRAPHIC NOTES. 



THE RUSSIAN ANNEXATION 

 OF MANCHURIA. 



BY the agreement concluded between 

 China and Russia in December, the 

 latter will exercise a protectorate over 

 Manchuria in the same sense that the 

 British maintain a protectorate of India. 

 The 400,000 square miles of this prov- 

 ince may thus be added to the dominions 

 of the Russian Empire. 



The conditions on which Russia con- 

 sents to allow the Chinese officials to 

 resume the civil government, which was 

 taken from them last summer, are as 

 follows (this agreement thus far applies 

 only to Shengking, the southern and 

 most important province of Manchuria, 

 but it will be extended to include the 

 other two provinces of Manchuria) : 



" ( I ) The Tatar General Tseng un- 

 dertakes to protect the province and 

 pacify it, and to assist in the construc- 

 tion of the railroad. 



(2) He must treat kindly the Rus- 

 sians in military occupation, protecting 

 the railway and pacifying the province, 

 and provide them with lodging and 

 provisions. 



(3) He must disarm and disband the 

 •Chinese soldiery, delivering in their en- 

 tirety to the Russian military officials all 



munitions of war in the arsenals not al- 

 ready occupied by the Russians. 



(4) All forts and defenses in Sheng- 

 king not occupied by the Russians, and 

 all powder magazines not required by 

 the Russians, must be dismantled in the 

 presence of Russian officials. 



(5 ) Niuchwang and other places now 

 occupied by the Russians shall be re- 

 stored to the Chinese civil administra- 

 tion when the Russian Government is 

 satisfied that the pacification of the prov- 

 ince is complete. 



(6) The Chinese shall maintain law 

 and order by local police under the 

 Tatar general. 



(7) A Russian political Resident, with 

 general powers of control, shall be sta- 

 tioned at Mukden, to whom the Tatar 

 general must give all information re- 

 specting any important measure. 



(8) Should the local police be insuffi- 

 cient in any emergency, the Tatar gen- 

 eral will communicate with the Russian 

 Resident at Mukden and invite Russia 

 to despatch reinforcements. 



(9) The Russian text shall be the 

 standard." ^ 



The ' ' Boxer ' ' movement was scarcely 

 noticeable in Manchuria, and what little 

 there was of it was easily suppressed by 

 the more sensible of the provincial Chi- 



