;j4 OLD BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS 



riash, as is required. 1 That Turgu is another Cassite equivalent for the Babylonian 

 Bel (of Nippur), I have endeavored to show in Z. A. VII, p. 316, note 3. Bat there 

 are other reasons for identifying Kadashman-Turgu with Kadashman- d " ic "'.E2\ r -lyJ-L : 

 (1) The cuneiform characters of the inscriptions of Kadashman-Turgu on Plates 

 23, 24, are strikingly similar to those of Kndashman- U " gir JEJJV-LIL and especially 

 his son (PL 25). (2) The son of Kadashman-^'^iV-iZL bears precisely the 

 same title (PI. 25, No'. 68, col. I, 6), as Kadashman-Turgu (PI. 24, 1. 8). 2 



On PI. 28 we meet with the first personal inscription of Rammdn-shum-usur, 

 contemporary of the Assyrian king, Bel-kudur-usur. The brick legend is written in 

 Sumerian and reads : 1. Din9ir En-lil 2. lagal Tcur-kur-ra 3. lugal-a-ni-ir 4. ?'"°"' 

 Rammdn-slimn-usur 5. siba she-ga-bi 6. n-a En-lil u -a 7. sag-ush E-kur-ra 8. 

 E-lrnr e hi-ag-ga-a-ni 9. shega al-ur-ra-ta 10. mu-un-na-ru, " To Bel, lord of lands, 

 his lord, Ram man shum-usur, his favorite shepherd, adorner of Nippur, chief of Ekur, 

 built Ekur, his beloved house, with bricks." 



Winckler, following Sayce, 3 latterly inclines to regard the Babylonian king 

 " Ramman-shum-nasir," in III R. 4, No. 5, as identical with the ruler whose inscrip- 

 tion has just been translated. 4 This, however, is utterly impossible. Sayce and 

 Winckler misread the name of the king mentioned in III R. According to the law 

 underlying the formation of Babylono- Assyrian personal proper names, the cuneiform 

 group Ramman-MU-SHESH-IR can only be read Rammdn-musliesMr, " Ramman is 

 directing (ruling)."' This king lived before Burnaburiash and has not even the 

 name in common with the above-given Ramman-shum-usur. 



1 For Ka.da.shma.a-'U'igi'-EN'-LlL, himself king (PI. 25, No. 65), was the father of another king (PI. 25, No. 68, 

 col. I, 16), ending in ... . riash (ibid., 1. 5). 



2 Besides the personal votive inscriptions of King Kadashman-Turgu, many tablets dated in his reign were found in 

 Nippur. It is certain that he was one of the best known princes of the Cassite dynasty and ruled more than fifteen 

 years. It seems, therefore, strange that his name, being entirely Cassite, should have been omitted by the compiler 

 of K. 4426 (V R. 44, 21-44, a, i). As soon as we read the name in V R. 44, 29, a, Kadashman-Turgu, as I proposed 

 above, the difficulty is removed. And, indeed, this reading finds new confirmation. All the names placed together 

 by the compiler in V R. 44, 23-44, are purely Cassite. Therefore we are obliged to regard the ideogram in the name 

 ofKadashman-<imff"-ii'iV-L2Z, which is explained by its Assyrian equivalent TuJculli-Belm the right column, as Cassite 

 in the left column. That dingirEN-LlL was not pronounced Kharbe seems, apart from the above-given reasons, 

 to be indicated by the fact that Kharbe in V R. 44, 33 a {i.e., in the left column) is written phonetically Kharbe. From 

 names like KharU-Shihu (IV R. 2 34, No. 2, 1. 5, 14), "Bel (= the lord) is Marduk," we may infer that the real mean- 

 ing of Kharbiwas something like "lord." The use of Kharbi for the name of a certain god, resembles, therefore, 

 closely that of dingirEN in the later Babylonian time (cf. Tiele, Oesch., p. 538). Turgu on the other hand seems to 

 have been the Bel of the Cassites, i. e., exactly corresponding in his rank to the dingir EN-LIL or Bgl of Nippur, the 

 highest god of their Pantheon. 



11 R. P.\ Vol. II, p. 207, note 1 (cf. Vol. I, p. 16). 

 4 Oesch., p. 102 (cf., however, pp. 88, note, and 157). 

 5 Cf. u-shesh-she-ru, Sanh. Kuy. 2, 31. 



