Ferns or GLACIER PARK 107 
Dryopteris Filix-mas (L.) Schott. Common at middle. 
altitudes; in deep moist woods or in wet thickets. The 
plants are large and luxuriant and often make a fine dis- 
play. They are usually of a deeper green than the lady 
fern, with which they usually grow. 
Filix fragilis (L.) Gilib. Common at all altitudes 
except the highest; growing in diverse habitats—on shad- 
ed or exposed cliffs, on moist banks in woods or along 
streams, on mossy boulders in woods, and sometimes on 
rock slides. It is often associated with Woodsia sco- 
pulina, and some forms of the two species are much alike 
in general appearance. It is the only fern, except pos- 
sibly Pteridiwm, which grows about the east entrance. 
Sometimes the plants are erect, but on cliffs they are of- 
ten pendent. In dry weather they soon turn yellow 
and wither. This fern is rather common in moist places 
above timber line. 
Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton. Common on the 
east slope at middle and high altitudes; on the west slope 
occuring at rather high elevations; growing on cliffs or 
rock slides. The plants attain their best development 
on rock slides, where they often form large dense clumps 
of erect fronds. The stipes persist for many years about 
the bases of the plants. 
Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton. Collected on rocky 
hills at the east entrance by Umbach (no. 274). This 
species is not represented in the collections made by the 
writer, although there is no reason to believe that it 1s 
rare in the region. No attempt was made in the field 
to distinguish W. scopulina and W. oregana, but the 
writer expected that both species would be represented 
in the rather numerous collections obtained. It may 
be W. oregana is confined to the lower altitudes, where 
the writer spent little time in making collections. 
