MUSCI AND HEPATICA 
OF THE 
UND ed) ATATES 
EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 
Orper 139. MUSCI. (Mosszs.) 
w, tufted plants, always with a stem and distinct (sessile) leaves, pro- 
ree spore-cases which open by a terminal lid (except in Nos. 1-4), and 
contain simple spores alone. Reproductive organs of two kinds: 1. The 
sterile (male) flower, consisting of numerous (4-20) minute cylindrical 
sacs (antheridia) which discharge from their apex a mucous fluid filled with 
oval secbeiage ward om —- = The fertile flower composed of caste 
ous (4-20 7 , pistillidia), each h 
nous covering (calyptra), terminated by a long cylindrical funnel-mouthed 
tube (style). The ripened TG TE (seldom more than one in a flow- / 
er maturing) becomes the capsule, which is rarely indehiscent or splitting | 
by 4 longitudinal slits, but usually pie _ a lid (operculum) : beneath the 
operculum, and arising from the mouth of the capsule, are commonly 1 or 2 
rows of rigid processes (collectively the peristome) which are always some 
multiple of four: those of the outer row are called teeth; those of the 
inner row, cilia, their intermediate smaller processes, ciliole. An elastic | 
ring of cells ihc lies between the rim of the capsule and operculum. | 
The powdery particles filling the capsule are spores or sporules. The 
thread-like stalk (pedicel) supporting the capsule is inserted into the elon- 
gated torus (vaginula) of the flower. The pedicel continued through the 
capsule forms the columella ; when enlarged uniformly under the capsule, it 
forms an apophysis ; when jeeabenasié on one side only, a struma. e 
calyptra separating early at its base is carried up on the apex of the cap- 
sule; if it splits on one side it is hood-shaped or cuculliform, if not, it is 
mitre-shaped or mitriform. Intermixed with the re reproductive organs are 
cellular jointed filaments (paraphyses). ‘The leaves surrounding the an- 
_theridia are called ecg leaves; those around the archegonium or 
pedicel, the pericheetial leaves 
