GENERAL REPORT. 25 
As might be expected, Pinus ponderosa was the prevailing tree, and attained 
magnificent proportions. Skirting the flanks lower down, we found growing 
abundantly the Madrono (Arbutus Menziesii, Pursh) and Manzanita (Arcto- 
staphylos tomentosa), but not here attaining a height greater than 10 or 12 
feet. The Oaks do not range higher than 6,500 feet on the slope of this 
mountain. The northern slope of Mount Graham has a barren aspect, the 
timber apparently not reaching so low a level as on the southern side. 
This may be due to the steeper declivities, as well as to the greater heat 
radiated from the Gila Valley. In the more open woods, from 7,000 to 
9,000 feet, bunch-grass grew most luxuriantly ; and in the moister ravines 
leading from the mountain down to the plain, sedges grew in dense masses, 
and furnished (current teaching to the contrary notwithstanding) a much- 
prized food for the stock ranging on the mountain. Whilst at Willow 
Spring we found the Aguilegia chrysantha growing abundantly in the open 
and on somewhat dry ground, on Mount Graham it was hardly ever seen 
away from the spray of a shaded mountain stream. 
The Pinaleto Range, of which Mount Graham may be regarded as 
the culmination, trends off toward the southeast, becoming reduced more 
and more as it nears Railroad Pass, a distance of about twenty miles from 
Camp Grant. This pass serves to connect the Arivaypa Valley on the west 
with the plains of San Simeon on the east. This flat, dry region has a 
varying altitude of from 4,239 feet at Eureka Springs to 4,833 feet at Camp 
Grant, and thence descending to 3,485 feet at Whitlock’s Cienega. 
Camp Bowie, situated in Apache Pass in the Chiricahua Range, which 
may be regarded as on the southern border of the San Simeon Plains, has 
an altitude of 4,872 feet. 
From Camp Grant to Camp Bowie, the route is over an exceedingly dry 
region, the distance being about fifty miles, and water is to be found at 
one point only, and here not with certainty. In the sandy arroyos were 
found growing Baccharis sergilloides and B. cerulescens. The local opinion 
is that these plants will not grow where their roots cannot reach water. 
There is no doubt that in many places where it grows, water may be had on 
digging to a little depth. Tessaria borealis was also a common plant of the 
region. 
