48 BOTANY. 
have been used by the native population past and present. Among them, 
however, is one of some interest from an archeological standpoint, N. Cleve- 
landi, Gray, Syn. F1., vol. vi, part 1, p. 242. This small and small-flowered spe- 
cies was found by me only in association with the shell heaps which occur 
so abundantly on the coast of Southern and Central California. Perhaps — 
of all the remains of extinct races so richly furnished by that region, none 
were so common as the pipes, usually made of stone resembling serpentine, 
and in shape, as Dr. Yarrow has aptly remarked, like a cigar-holder. These 
pipes were seldom less than 6 inches long, and 14 inches in diameter at the 
larger end, and often much exceeded these measurements. The wing-bone 
of a pelican, cut to say 2 inches in length, was glued with the inevitable 
asphaltum into the smaller end as a mouth-piece. Uncomfortable as pipes 
of this size must have been in use, there is no doubt that they were much 
used, and there is hardly any doubt in my mind that the above named 
species of tobacco was the standard supply for them. I can only say, from 
some experience, that it is excessively strong. 
Salvia Columbaria, Benth., is the Chia of Southern and Central Cali- 
fornia. I abstract the following brief account I have given of it from the 
Botanical Bulletin: 
‘During the summer of 1875 my attention was called, while in South- 
ern California, to a mealy preparation in popular use among the Indians, 
Mexicans, and prospectors. On inquiry, I found it was called ‘Chia’ Fur- 
ther examination proved that it was furnished by the seeds of Salvia Colum- 
barie, Benth. The seeds are collected, roasted, and ground, in the native 
way, between two stones. This puts it in the condition in which J first 
saw it. It is used as a food by mixing it with water and enough sugar to 
suit the taste. It soon develops into a copious mucilaginous mass, several 
times the original bulk. The taste is somewhat suggestive of linseed meal. 
One soon acquires a fondness for it, and eats it rather in the way of a 
luxury than with any reference to the fact that it is exceedingly nutritious 
_ besides. It is in great demand among the knowing ones who have a desert 
to cross, or who expect to encounter a scarcity of water, and what there is, 
of bad quality. By preparing it so thin that it can be used as a drink, it 
seems to assuage thirst, to improve the taste of the water, and, in addition, 
