256 BOTANY. 
broad, transversely dilated scale; wings of seeds pale, very oblique, as long 
as wide; cotyledons 5-7, usually 6 
Common on the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. Thence 
extending through Southern Colorado and Utah and throughout the Cali- 
fornia Sierras. A tree of beautiful foliage, highly prized in cultivation; 
furnishing better timber than the last, from which (besides the characters 
already enumerated) it can always readily be distinguished by the two 
resin-ducts of its leaves lying close to the epidermis of the under surface. 
In Colorado as well as in California it has often been named A. grandis, a 
species which properly belongs to the coast regions of Oregon, the Lower 
Columbia River, Vancouver Island, ete. 
Picea* EnGetmanni, Engelm.; Abies Engelmanni, Parry; Pinus com- 
mutata, Parlat—Large trees, 60-100° high, with thin, cinnamon-brown, 
scaly bark; branchlets mostly pubescent; leaves 4-sided, slender and 
acute or acuminate in younger, and shorter, stouter, short-pointed, and 
curved in older trees (especially in higher altitudes), with stomata on 
both sides; cones oval or oblong, about 2” long, paler or purplish, fall- 
ing off at maturity; scales thin, erose-denticulate, broad, with a rounded 
edge or usually somewhat prolonged upward and truncate; seeds half as 
long as the very oblique wing, usually with 6 cotyledons. 
San Francisco Mountains, Bischoff; Sierra Blanca, Gilbert; Mount 
Graham, Rothrock (784). The most southern localities known of this 
northern and sub-alphine species, which extends through the Rocky Mount- 
ains to British Columbia and to Oregon, forming extensive forests. A 
beautiful tree, often 2° and even 3° in diameter ; timber similar to that of P. 
nigra of the Northeast and P. excelsa of Europe: above timber-line, it 
dwarfs down to mere shrubs, often prostrate, but loaded with cones. 
* Picea, Link, not Don; Abies, Don; Abies sect. (Sprnces), Gray’s Man.; Pinus sect. Picea, 
Endl., tune sas sia trees with akipla evergreen, more or less 4-sided leaves, which at last ce: 
rate pla a prominent, persistent, ligneous base; flowering from the axils of the leaves of the previous 
year ; staminate flowers as in Abies, but stamens tipped with a large, nearly orbicular, denticulate crest ; 
cells opening longitudinally ; pollen as in Abies, 0.09-0.13™™ in longer diameter; cones pendulous from 
the ends of short or elongated oe maturing in one season ; scales and small enclosed membra- 
naceous bracts persistent on the axis ; seeds without halsam-vesicles, imbedded in the excavation of the 
membranaceous base of the wing, which leaves tneir under side nearly free and permits them to drop 
out.—Trees of slower growth than the firs, with white, soft, but tough, close, and highly esteemed timber. 
