XXIV KEPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



lesser buildings, built one above another uj)on the.sloping floor of rock. 

 Keaily all these buildings are in a fair state of preservation. This model 

 is 37 by 47 inches, outside measurements, and the scale 1.72, or 6 feet to 

 the inch. A "restoration" of the above forms the third in the series, of 

 the same size and scale, and is intended, as its name implies, to repre- 

 sent as nearly as possible the original condition of the ruin. In this we 

 see that the approaches were made by ladders and steps hewn in the 

 rock, and that the roofs of one tier of rooms served as a terrace for those 

 back of them, showing a similarity, at least, in their construction to the 

 works of the Pueblos in ISTew Mexico and Arizona. Scattered about 

 over the buildings are miniature representations of the people at their 

 various occupations, with pottery and other domestic utensils. 



The " triple- walled tower," at the head of the McElmo, is the subject 

 6f the fourth model, and represents, as indicated by its title, a triple- 

 walled tower, situated in the midst of a considerable extent of lesser 

 ruins, probably of dwellings, occupying a low bench bordering the 

 dry wash of the McElmo. The tower is 42 feet in diameter, the wall 2 

 feet thick, and now standing some 12 feet high. The two outer walls 

 inclose a space of about 6 feet in width, which is divided into 14 equally- 

 sized rooms, communicating with one another by small window-like 

 doorways. The next is a " cliff-house " in the valley of the Eio de Chelly. 

 It is about 20 miles above the cave town already spoken of. This is a 

 two-story house, about twenty feet square, occupying a ledge some 75 

 feet above the valley, and overhung by the bluff. The approach from 

 the valley is by a series of steps hewn in the steep face of the rock; and 

 this method was the one most used by the occupants, although there is 

 a way out to the top of the bluff. This model is 42 inches in height by 

 24 broad, and is built ujion a scale of 1.36. 



Tewa, one of the seven Moqui towns in ISTortheastern Arizona, is a 

 very interesting and instructive model, representing, as it does, one of 

 the most ancient and best authenticated of the dwellings of a people 

 who are supposed to be the descendants of the cliff-dwellers. Tewa is 

 the first of the seven villages forming the province as we approach 

 them from the east, and occupies the summit of a narrow mesa some 

 600 feet in height and 1,200 yards in length, upon which are also two 

 other somewhat similar villages. The approach is by a circuitous road- 

 way hewn in the perpendicular face of the bluff, which surrounds the 

 mesa upon all sides. It is the only approach accessible for animals to 

 the three villages. Other ladder-like stairways are cut in the rock, 

 which are used principally by the water carriers, for all their springs 

 and reservoirs are at the bottom of the mesa. This village is represented 

 upon a scale of 1 inch to 8 feet, or 1.96. The dimensions of the model 

 are 36 inches in length, 29 inches in width, and 14 inches in height. 



In the spring of 1877, Mr. Jackson made a tour over much of the 

 northern part of l^ew Mexico, and westward to the Moqui towns in 



