552 EEPOKT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



The beds that dip eastward against the limestones at the mouth of 

 Eed Creek, appear to have been eroded here, and this conglomerate de- 

 posited on the top of it. This conglomerate is horizontal and shows also 

 on a butte between Glacier Creek and Salt Eiver. It is made up of 

 pebbles of limestone of all sizes and shapes. The plateau-like mass, ex- 

 tending west from the Salt Eiver Mountains north of Glacier Creek, 

 appears to have been the northern limit of the lake in which the con- 

 glomerate was deposited, as no remnants were seen in the uiDper valley. 



The strike of the beds in the plateau of the caiion appears to be a 

 few degrees west of north. At the head of the canon the river is a 

 little west of the anticlinal axis which, I think, crosses the river some 

 distance below. The river from here has a direct northern course to its 

 mouth. The influence of the strike of the beds in these hills is seen in 

 the creeks in the upper valley coming in on the east side. These are 

 Wagner Creek and Eed Creek. 



Wag7ier Creeic is formed by two branches, which join near the mouth. 

 The southern branch is the largest. It drains the country north and 

 west of Mount Wagner. Its extreme sources are in the very centre 

 of the range, the geology of which has already been given. The north- 

 ern branch heads on the western slopes of the mountains. As these 

 creeks emerge from the foot-hills they are flowing about due west, but 

 they soon turn and flow northwest. 



Bed Creek is a few miles north of Wagner Creek. Its sources are in 

 the red beds of the synclinal depression east of Station 58. Collecting 

 water from north and south it flows slightly south of west in deep canon 

 for six or seven miles. Immediately on leaving the foot-hills it turns to 

 the northward and flows northward and westward to its mouth, which is 

 between the mouths of Clear Creek and Crow Creek. In this portion 

 of the valley there is considerable swamj) and marsh, and the under- 

 lying beds are covered with drift. 



Clear Creek rises east and north of Station 58, in a rugged portion of 

 the range. It cuts its way out in a deep and almost inaccessible canon. 

 Its course in the vaUey is straighter than that of Eed Creek, and more 

 nearly westward. 



Traces of old beds for these creeks can be seen in the valley. 



Shoshone Creek, as we have already noted, cuts through the plateau. 

 Its head is approximately parallel to that of Glacier Creek. The stream 

 was not followed but simply crossed near the mouth, where its course is 

 about due west. IsTearly all these streams have fringes of willows and 

 a few cottonwoods on their banks. 



Glacier Creek. — This creek was named from the two glacier-like masses 

 noted on two of its sources. These have already been described. This 

 creek is the one the Indian trail from John Day's Eiver follows to the 

 valley of Salt Eiver. The canon is very rough, and the trail rather dif- 

 ficult. We were obliged to cut out the brush at several places. It is 

 also very rocky, especially below the pomt where the creek turns to the 

 eastward. Its head is on the line of the anticlinal that marks the east- 

 ern crest of the Salt Eiver Eange. Following this line on the line of a 

 probable fault, for about four miles, the creek turns to westward across 

 the abrupt anticlinal already described. It is here that the canon is 

 roughest, and the creek descends most rapidly. From this point it 

 crosses a broad synclinal of Carboniferous limestones, from the centre of 

 which very little has been eroded. Finally, the anticlinal forming the 

 west side of the range is crossed, and outside abutting against these 

 limestones is the Salt Eiver Conglomerate as I have named it. The trail 

 crosses over this on the north side of the creek. The change from the 



