700 EEPOET UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



•41 



cubic feet of water, and flowing in a narrow valley bordered by bare, 

 rolling Lilis. Next we come to Cub Eiver, a stream which, where it 

 enters the A^alley, is twice as large as the latter. This stream flows to the 

 southward parallel to the Bear, keeping near the eastern edge of the 

 valley for several miles, collecting the waters of several fine mountain 

 streams, which it finally discharges into the Bear. Still going south, 

 we cross a succession of branches of Cub Eiver and the Bear. On the 

 south line of my district, we reach Logan Fork, the largest tributary to 

 the Bear within Cache Valley. This stream heads in the heart of the 

 Bear Eiver Mountains, collecting its waters from all directions, but 

 mainly from the north. Entering tlie valley, it takes a wide sweep to 

 the south and west, receiving the contributions of Blacksmith's Fork 

 and Muddy Eiver, the former from the Bear Eiver Mountains, the latter 

 from the Wahsatch Eange, and joining the Bear a few miles above the 

 Gates. 



On the right-hand side of the valley the tributaries of the Bear are 

 neither as large nor as numerous. Battle Creek heads in bare, rolling hills 

 at the southern end of the Portneuf Eange, and flows into the Bear a 

 few miles below the foot of the canon. It is a small stream, known 

 chiefly from the fact that its mouth is the scene of a bloody battle be- 

 tween the California Volunteers, under General Connor, and a large 

 body of Bannacks, in which the latter were nearly all sent to happy 

 hunting grounds and the power of the tribe was broken. A mile below 

 this point is the mouth of Deep Creek, which heads in the mountains 

 about Eed Eock Gap. Weston Creek, from the Malade Eange, enters a 

 few miles farther down, and, near the Gates, a small creek, from the same 

 range, completes the branches from that side. 



Cache Valley is very well settled, almost entirely by Mormons. There 

 are no less than fifteen towns in the valley. On the west side of the val- 

 ley, close to the base of the mountains, are Franklin, Eichmond, Smith- 

 field, Hyde Park, Logan, Providence, Millville, Hyrum, and Paradise, 

 while on the west side of the valley are Oxford, Clifton, Newton, Clark- 

 son, Mendon, and Wellville. 



The principal, indeed, almost the only occupation of these people is 

 farming. The farms extend from the towns down towards the middle of 

 the valley. The land in the lower parts of the valley, towards the river, 

 is marshy in spring and early summer, making irrigation unnecessary. 



All kinds of cereals, all vegetables known to a temperate climate, 

 and, what is rare in the West, many fruits, are among the products of 

 this valley. Apples of fine quality are raised in the greatest abundance, 

 and many varieties of plums. Peaches are cultivated to some extent, 

 but not with as great success as in the Salt Lake Valley, where their* 

 production is one of the chief industries of the farmers. 



Emerging from the narrow gsq) of the Gates, the Bear enters the large 

 valley of the Malade. This lies west of Cache Valley, and, like it, trends 

 nearly north and south. It has a length of 50 miles and a mean breadth 

 of 3 or 4 miles. 



The valley of the Malade completes the lowlands of the Bear Eiver 

 drainage. The Malade, formerly known as the Eeed or Eoseau Eiver, 

 derives its present name from the fact that its water is unfit to drink, 

 by reason, probably, of the large amount of decaying vegetable matter 

 Avliich, in its sluggish course, it receives and holds in suspension. 



The most northern branch of the Malade, known as the Little Malade, 

 heads far to the northwest, opposite the head of Bannack Creek and in 

 the valley west of that of Marsh Creek. The main body of water of the 

 Malade Eiver i)roper comes from an immense spring in the northwest 



