1—1848. ] THE 
AGRICULTURAL Bazit 
TE. 
de has sul ae result of as 
ions he has submitted to the public, as t 
cA ineering experience and that of his deep dra 
xample, we find Mr. reie reporting on on the 16th 
e 
d follows :— 
— of f mee e r tand 5 ieot below the surface in strong 
nt to 
d. 2d. at such yee = clay land, 
clay, vie eh Bom 3 ff sows and 40 feet between 
dep 
2 uld only cost ne cutting, tile, an nd completing, 
re Pacts Se that similar s ag vie an 50 me 1775 
te, p. 264 
definite. 
rg of 8 out the Deanston —— 
d be better and cheaper to make them 
echi’s advocacy of this depth bers . 
as pa art ofthe Plt soles of the Witham An 
t 40 rt? and could 11. 10s. or 27. 10 
o so? I have examined Tiptree. rm 
. chi, and We many excellent improve- 
opting his views. 
And h 
5 feet 
To this 
lease w 
e son, the farm ag 
et have bona a amai moor ; y the rent instead o 
being 155. and acre, would d have been too high at ball. 
a- crown.“ W., in Se ottish Farmer. 
telus, 
ts from Ciiirt, 3 from notes by Lord 
Georgo Hil, M.R.I.A. P. Dixon, Hardy, and Son, 
pper Sackville street, Danid Hatchard and 
ons Londo 
Those of our re Fender s who have 8 Mr. 
Tallaghobegiyy perea Don 
e districts in Ire wi 3 aining * fu pul 
vy near 9000 souls ; there were no sora 
hogs, or pigs in There e me- 
3 of fae e ee hs * Tord Lise: 
than 
3 of ‘drains double ro usual i depth, His soil, however, 
is of a chalky fo on, mixed with 
- pe generally ag clay soil, 
That! ae s plan seats 
mixed clay soils, 
je leva, and that in meadows, bogs, « en ed soils, 
deep snis, or drains of 7 or 8 feet will Sg advantageous in — 
ticular localities, we are s . have frequently se 
am. effectively e to that depth ; that i in many instance a 
Deanston pla hand, 
we 2 consider to be . te seen soils 
which would require both, from strong springs ape 1 tena- 
cious clay above supporting the surface water. Bu at, as a 
hoagie wide Ti 0 tr ied, and m Ti approved, the D ean 
2 
nant of nd, no wa ore t 
‘On rad! Hy no whe el e 
plough, 16 harrows, 8 . 2 
32 n 7 table On 93 chair 
no coach, or any other vehicle, o 
pillions, 11 bridles, 20 ) shovels, 
8, 243 stools, 55 iron 0 
ather 
other . — 8 no bonnet, 
8 ‘brass seme ten n no looking glasses above 
uit trees, no Turnips 
nd oF any other gar 
of the 
the p 
ary barra 
* 
Hed soil d ci f Great Britain | and Irela nd, 
we are perfectly a 8 and it may be added that a vast pre- 
saga of the W eminent drainers in these 8 
th as regards science and practice, are in favour of dra ing 
on Mr. Smith’s principle from 2 to 3 feet deep 
when the eviden 
3 feet deep; 
and Davis in favour of 
dain from 3 to 6 feet. —Galloway j Agriculturist, 
. 
which now-a-days be considered a very rude 
implement, H endea increase the | ¢ 
3 of his infield by trenching and the spade, using 
pees nes which he gathered from the outfield to form 
i his park became en Then he culti- | 
vated the best of the outfield with a view, in the 
E e grazing, and ultimately to improv 
10 a. rops. In taking in the outfield, his plan was 
halt mer all the moveable stones and put to the 
2 feet until they brought the hollow to within—say | n 
filled up with turf and 
3 and covered over with the farm- yard co: 
` 85 cropping gradually suggested itself, and 
ee © effect of this system of farming, that 
his my father died, I succeeded to th under 
. a 5 oe 120 a in an arable 
entered on the f. I hav 
ed 0 r 
crofts, the crofters ing di except one, 
he younger natives of 
omei ason . are 4 Km ere ants or em- 
eee st improvement I oe 
as draining ‘the — 
In condue 
which is now under 
ear th heathens ’—a 
shone large boulder stones which have 
yet to be seen in 
I blasted, 
à xove my farm steading. An 
trenching, draining, and plenty of compost, I 
nto good condition, and had ve very fi 
a fair r 
more 
shoes to en feet, nor can man 
and f 
| pannis weeping, — full of ene, hunger, delle an 
t, lo king. a 
. roper ti 
d | estates were of such little value that no gentleman, or scarcely 
of producing anything like, 
7 68 red i 
divi ision may be m 
was held ner 26 26 peopl 7 F 
condition of the pe 
mar 
in the people, a 
0 
his 
„without being in 
; and 8 there 
b 
in so many 
e 2 pore A 1 = to ih 
oned ; mall field 
ne "instance of = 
assages pep illustrate the wretehed 
ople. Add = +a — — had no 
or their grain exceptin e manufactured 
of whisky, and that Arena illicit dis- 
hased the 
— 
tilatio on aien ep fee universally prevalent. 
George Hill had pure 
ord 
Ge propasti he took up his residence on it, and 
speaking 
5 Irish tongue soon became pers onally ac 
— ed w is tenants, 
As illicit distillation 2 lawless and irregular 
nd render em liable to — and ration ome 
pear of their families and f. 
None o: their. 
than one shift 
h 
d the f t l — affor any, 
W nnot afford 
m ea —— second 4 — 
but whole families of sons and daughters of m dis- 
criminately lying ie ogo with thei apifera — all m: the 
bare buff. The ey hav means of 3 me land, but 
ir fi mall th 
d af hath 
to me farms s can 
beds 
filthy blankets. And worse than a d, 
1 ere is a 3 9 prospect of starvation, at the present prevail- 
g among th 
e of seed in the last e 
erop, together with a scarcity of winter forage, i in consequence 
last, in this part 
So 
ofa 
of 35 coun ral i 
o agh, an 
eal in 8 
Their e e 
—— er) thei 
nd fya pan 
ely to 
extracts, in order still 
mss to exhibit the details. of sre picture, and the 
2 
es from which they ha 
o 1838 was divided into 
n, with glooming aspec children like 
parse in the 
E 
rson. v 
business, it may be mentioned tha 
1 8855 2 the 19th of December, 1840 
The sales for the quar 
184 2, a 
store also rapidly 8 
from 4791. 9s. 63d., as the amount of purchases in 
et to 11000. in 2 
e next inportant step taken was to endeavour to 
obviate the old Run ER system by placing each sor 
2 
= aie 
i ti boin; a 1 5 liae 
and guaranteed that o tenant aid 
ully nne 
nife npea of the town 
his qé 
sma aal ties: there were no 3 proprietors. The 
ble person, would, OF could, act as — he ars 
ents were very small—al I, and there re- 
gularity as to collecting Char m: “trifling sums wale "ake at 
fairs, or when ever or wherever they soe) be got; often no re. 
ceipt was given : consequently the 
greatest confusion prevailed, as to 
perties, There were arrears of 8, 10, and even 20 years’ 
period, an some of the | tenants not big paid rent Br 2 
peri 
a respecta 
hat 
* 
ial 1 s of these people, wi 
would ever 
It a sto hould come and awake the dee] P 
What e what matter, we shall dig an pr 
The weed thus cast in is taken off by the foo Senis to 
spread over their ground, and also on the unreclaim 15 moors, 
and Oats the 
though the land is perfectly 
laboured are At 2 Soe eason, when 
eed, 
should injure t the e bogi, r 
and 8 7 point as o 
t s tail!” 
many parts of 
and required them 
m The. 88 N oe Rundale e being here in al. ets and 
operation, all this district of country is held Les sh is 
known by vane Powys. and which may be th us described :—In 
some instances, a tenant having any part of a —— — 
matter emg small), had his proportion in 30 or 40 differe 
places, and without fences between them m, it being utterly im 
possible to have any, as the pro portions were so very numero: 
and frequently so smail that not more than half astone of Oats 
was required to sow one of such pede y Thus every tenan 
sor e e himself entitled to a a por of f each various qu ality 
of la d land 
at one 3 Was sure to have some bad other, and 
PERENA the 
— 
hide 
y. ears to accomplish 
the divisions, as upwards of 20, 000 acres had to be thus- 
arrange ed and distributed.” 
t d. The 
houses of the tenants then had to be ee to oars 
fos geo e. but this though a troublesome “ was. 
expens ak) as the occa~ 
not 
sons, is for n x tall them 1 
hire fiddler upon which en 2 neighbours 
> upo: pas 3 eee 
joyously assem assemble, ly short 
5 stones and timber upon their backs to the new 
site women, and children alternately dancing and 
working while daylight mer at the termination of which 
they adjourn g W y finish the 
night, often pr the cance to dawn of day, and 
with little other entertainment but that which a fiddler 
or “eg affords.” 
step, however, was not forced upon the people 
until after long and vexatious opposition. 
The pleasure people feel in assembling and chatting toge- 
ther, eR e them consider the removal of the houses from the 
clusters y> — or in ogee . were generally built, to the 
separate * vere — » 
suaded that these se lonely dw 
as the f 
— eee. and that the man mould mot s: stand it Hien long, 
n T — Ps uch „ 
9 any one wonder at the desperation o 
poor 
| — for ‘the 
m 
e Hill next . the „ of 
encouragement of indusi 
ublished—but it was sie till after several le 
these oie in their b forms, pring ak 
sessions ; and, of course, continued disunion amongst neigh- 
urs, was perpetuated. The system, too, was a complete bar 
endles 
great loss of time and expence to he e . + soley gre 
that t they were competed ted for. 
1 ple pe ere that a 2 woul te 20 
ool as to gi 
y considered re lage 
taken i 
Pid ning 
vid — — te at improvement ; as, on a certain day „ all the 
— bel 
I 
| ie any — * not thetr Potatoes . or . crops s oth ae 
o have a . whioh T think 
to grow Turnips, Clover, or other green crops, for noming 
of wetten 
i Much 
as been received by his rd from the 
ier frits 7 to him fo r the last t thee ji by 
