52 THE GARDENERS’ — — JAN. 22 
The branched threads bear at their extremities scat- | of ; or, at its expense, the other properties are endea- | after all these temporary shoots are re 
tered isolated ovoid spores terminated at the apices of voured to be obtained. = 1 bee een stem, T erg ger e continue; ny E 
their major axis by a protuberance, the one mamillæ- | this. Supposing it w quired to grow an Apple wey byens still remain to contribute. ui 
form, the other cylindrical. The spores are filled with | tree with a stem (if * it — be called) 15 feet in | future growth o pa i a 
a ular su ce, which is contracted and becomes length, yet nowhere more than an inch in diameter; fter the Ke ranches have been 
of a yellow orange by the application of iodine ; but ex- the way to effect this would be to train a maiden plant Boe be well to peer =e growth of the top for 
tensible by sulphuric acid, which causes it to swell till] to a rod, taking care to allow no side-shoots to grow, | few years longer, by — ecking, about midsummer, ap 
it bursts its envelope. This endos ea formed a n nor any leaves, excepting a very few at top. By { shoots are over-luxuriant, or that are taki 
azotized substance, containing fatty salt and inorganic| adopting a similar proceeding year after year, the stem | wron ti 
principles, analogous to that which fills more or less a will reach the height above-mentioned, and be like a | required. t i r 
portion of the branched tubular flocci, a substance slender, ee rod, almost of uniform thickness, which | to admit erase sunand air; and a ter bearing hem 
offering the closest analogy with the granular matter, one tantly ben d tothe 3 n being deprived of | crops, portions of the — — be “a 
ich seems in fact to proceed the stems of the — It must be considered a work of misapplied shortened. || 
Botrytis, or e heir suppor and to be in con- — for nat shoo So EEEE 
cti — ape ss — : ik leaves as it adv anced ; and these leaves would have BENRA FROM. MY NOTE-BOOK, 
This _ mond then may perhaps constitute the { contributed to the formation of layers of wood, increas- ued from page 700, 1847.) 
> 
velopment ae fructifieation 0 the ing the thickness of the base; thus the stem would vatera arborea, L.— This bie 1 5 is 3 i 
granular 12 whieh has itself proceeded from a have become an elongated cone, a form adapted for 3 either singly or in beds, its 
similar vegetable, and has mar g itself into dae on self-suppo stems, large leaves, and numerous bra hes, produi l 
rent of the circulation from the leaves even to the frui From what has been stated it is obvious that the a profusion of flowers for several eae make ity 
The exclusive presence of the same fungus in eme necessity for stakes is owing to the improper manage- | une to be desired. Being a sea-side plant, sera 
omato ined should seem to support this hypo- — of the plant w whilst nters som 2 sa it when young ; ; it is might n 
thesis; the development of A, i moulds — the the stem bein e be taken up in ui 
course of a few hours on all the Tomatoes exposed to | reared ; and th placed in a eae * trans e ay in the opa 
N would a — before the division of | from the erroneous idea borders again in spring. Ly vegetates freely rol | 
the fruit, the spores of similar vegetables had not been | that a sufficiently clean seeds, which are produ abundance, and wa) 
able to introduce ‘themselves Without pretending to | stem cannot be pro- ; grow in any common pure soil 
difficult matter beyond certain results | duce Vaccinium re ep 
sufficiently positive to testify at least my efforts in the | stripped 
e 
cause of truth, I thought that I ought to submit the | twigs, in rt OCCOS, 
probability of the analogy I had suspected to a more everything ut th V. uliginosum is a shrub which gr d 
rigorous proof. I we fo Montagne, to as Every leaf which three or four feet in peat soil, flowering freely, an 
com the Tomato fungus with infestans, produces abundance of fruit. It is, however, a ja 
to that naturalist had attributed since 1845 the yang ard should be of ele, bea a 41 i 
i agency in the destruction of Po k lover Dodd mention this again in consequen 
My sketches, compared with those of Dr. Montagne, | strong of its having * ted that it ripens seeds in En 
and which were engraved in the wane Mr. Berke- | let it be land ; but i jel e on this subject is 
ley, lete a rese t we were | but all other it will be found that the plant I spoke of as not 
to ise a complete identity rather than a should be allowed to seeds was growing on Pelargonium triste, and, 
close affinity between the two species. This curieus |g0 on at least till the course, under artificial conditions. I know that 
coincidence seemed to me worthy of bein 3 end of July, when they Clover eaa if not piua e it ripens seeds m 
cated ane academy, I shall profit b fata oppor- | may stopped by bun ic say, as Profess 
tunities of 3 oy troy ret pinching eir Henslow” has ove as 6 670), ‘wil vegeta 
which the preceding facts have suggested. If this points. In the follow- a snardia ic: grows 
2 prove e jast, 8 ti — e on the one — ing autumn cut th potted th lo ay peg Fav g in 2 | 
phists e obo refusing to off closely from the > must, however, 75 A ans where the eta “ina not be 4 
vegetable 3 in the russet substance whieh lower portion of the come frozen. is easily increas 
infests and exhausts the tissues of the tubers; on the | stem, e Subularia pilin L.—This re require s to be potii 
other baad): think “other” betaine were not deceived in rest back to one e; in san se 8 to be immersed in a pan of wate, 
—— the origin of the infection to a Cryptogamic | In the following season © NY which must not be allowed to freeze 
these eyes wi ; N Is ih lacustris, L., should be potted in in sandy pet 
, according to the same hypothesis, the pro- fresh shoots ; and immersed in a pan of water, placing the pai 
— the immediate com position, and the chemical] them like their pre- ZA l inehes under the surface. It likes a shaded part 
reaction, ina e case, belong to an rs in sum =) house. 
organism endowed with vital functions, although the and clear an additional Campanula hederacea, L. (Wablenbe a 
1 envelopes from which it emanates are replaced portion of the stem be- Reich.). A humble but beautiful greed ‘when 11 
the walls of cells between and within which it low, in autumn, by close- sandy peat and placed in a shaded si on; it coven 
insinuates itself, which it consolidates, and ly cutting the whole surface of the pot and —— e feel Te may 
~ where it produces the reactions of a true parasite. terals ed pea 4 
M. Payen, in reply to a question of M. Thénard, stated which may but i — we situation it will requir some looking after n 
insects appear in Potatoes, like pu trefaction, sub- | have push- as to see that it is yee up by from 
sequent only to the a ce of disease. He also ed te it ia capable ofibe ing increased to any extent by divisit. 
that a comparison of all the observations made from. By \ Dryas octopetala, L.—In a shaded situation in pat 
to the central * 2 wed that no soil | this or ligh ws freely, s 
rer, 3 or variety, t fro proce- e soil as it along. It 
the evil, but that nevertheless its effects might be dure self- freely, and after it has been * or thre 
ly ed by ing the as forward porting years may be divided to a considerable extent. It 
28 possible, 8 — A * infected tubers, e ma be cultivated su 
course of cropping, and = . Pots, however, are unnecessary e a 
—— Or diminishing ail cx uses of injury to the | 1y insured. soil and situation can be obtained. 
Plants. Comptes Rendus, Oct. 18, 1847. The formation of the Pulmonaria maritima, L. (Lith 
— top must now be con hm.).—This is one of our most orn 
PRUNING. ae APPLE TREE. sidered. The height of British plants for rockwork ; it should be 
Tue Apple tree, lef its natural growth, forms | dear stem being de- d loam, mixed with stones or brickbats, 
generally a low stem, 3 out into a top, which | termined, the u be placed firmly about its 
ultimately becomes hemispherical, towards the outside | leader exceeding that blished it will spread its stems over 
of which fruit-spurs, leaves, and fruit are most abun- eight in summer by flower profusely for a considerable time. It does 
dant; to support these, the branches i ly may be | Lereral inches, must be but young plants may be r 
asa sort of frame-work, for they are often shortened back at the i í 
destitute of spurs or foliage. g and training ae prun 8 Soldanella, L. — This, like the last, un 
it is to this natural tendency wth Br aot ad t the lowest inhabitant of the sea coast. It succeeds well on a 
y in mind ; for although that tendency may °F, three buds , where it should be planted in light sandy los 
be subdued or di d to su p of cultiva- — A mgm the sec- ts sends its stol roots ngst the 
tion, yet it w. on cor nd ow aan — When fairly established it 1 
dem he and as Me ie as they ought to om A tree tree | Mil seta — 
may be prevented from growing up with a single stem | oe Some aaa Sasifeuga atellaris Le wain] o 
by cutting back ; then several shoots usually result, and three buds will give rise 445%, wood wo tana wa in ir d sand. The 3 po so las 
— Like tue individual. ste hs I Bich gaa 3 mare fat w eee ee, 65 ts roots every pring, and it should then be — 
ike the indivi are not di : a little deeper, in order to in it to make 
to bear fruit ; their tendency is to be merely pillars or for the commencement on the — may be divided pages same time. 
jorters of a 298 of elevated ramificati at the of the 1 of the Each of them, as they also succeed in open ground in a light 
ef which fre naturally takes place. proceed in growth, should be reed to diverge at an soil, and it should be replanted every year in spring: 
ing aware of this, the operations of pruning and sage of about 45°, or half way between the horizontal Alyssum calycinum, L., is rather a rare Brit’ 
necessary to be performed when the tree is to ndicular directions ; * the same time, the annual, which sends up hundreds of seedlings which 
be grown in any particular form t from i shoot should be kept equ from each other. | vive er freely in the ensuing $} 
r l habit, will be better peer The on At the win they should be shortened curialis ann 5 at a d 
in which the Apple tree is gr umerous. The inches or a foot of their ; cularly from the sea. The first plant which I grew seven 
1 ; te dards, open 1 pyramids, —— to cut above os -= — outwards | eight years ago was a must, however, 
against espaliers, and a * directio: it wou roduced some female flow 
A Standard, proper! managed, should have a clean, shoots proceeding from th hould take, Six limbs have sprung up every — 
straight, and substantial ys ` will be thus originated. Again a little attention in Silene acaulis, L,.—This beautiful little alpine 
1 stem. B bstantialit 
stem is here meant a a of y, summer will ensure an equal div ence of the shoots | plan i i 
ta structure capable of . f i pr i 8 erg -= P pary apen or in pots. In the 
of stakes. , In general, this pr property is too little thought other. Meanwhile,a gradual divestment of the tem- plenty of drainers, and placed in a shaded siti 
z this should porary shoots on the stem is presumed to have annually | among similar plants, i oer be readily increased 
esis seem to accord with that put forth taken place, as above recommended. The © scars resulti} dividing it in May. eee preg i 
T on the f infanti heir 
— It may also to expl mg from the Suppression of those on the lower © part o £| Thes i small i 
Bag rete: whlch is tho object of e phone, the stem will have nearly, or quite healed over; for s | guenti thrown oa of — by frost, yet 1 “ot yf 
— — kee 8 yoke of an uncracked this process will be greatly accelerated by the action of placed so on perish, on — f the delicate 5 
leaves on shoots left above. It may be observed, that i getting dried up.— David Cameron, 
