290 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
joth the north and south ve that = te ee found in the green me beds in Surrey and ; quate employment for the labourin g populati 
y ser tates divided into farms on the hodge- elsewhere, may create exaggera ted notions of their | land reaped n 1835 an amount of des “a 
princip'e, that gives y“ 2 a i field or two value as manure ; and on the other hand it is desirable | ing that of two e of persons e 0 i 
uarter of the pines. $e Id surrounded | that the subjeet should be more fully investigated, and | the wages of Ims 
e — h a4 — 5 in 1 and full of o localities pointe ıt where Bis thr gl are ed of P A and on Potatoes dige pred A 
—capital ha DOANA 8 uf vermin, game, and ab- e found in greatest abundance ; and where their —.— hese means of support bein ce of 
sorbers of light, air, and fertility — undrained, with | use has been already tested by the ordinary cultivation | whole of these people are necessarily il 1 
searcely a gate that will open and shut properly. The | of the soils naturally imbued with such remains, poor-rates, and ae r support upon bts upon the 
fold-yards half stocked, the manures wasted, the young he existence of coprolite-like nodules (some of your | 3 as a large item of our ex port grain whieh 
stock k w in condition, the land impoverished by readers perhaps need to be told that“ — p mis] | losses in 3 swine, and cattle, for The 
a succession of exhausting crops, foul with weeds, long | literally “ dungstone ”) in the upper g galt, es y disease, certainly tended not to Amiaug 
lines of straggling, ragged horses, under the conduct of | was pae out by Dr. Fitton several years ago, n his | amount of destitution; but the almost total 12 
a dra, lu loughs, and every other farm aecoun of the * beds baie the hae 2 psa i in the | Potato crops in 1845 = 184 Fee ties 
. the gars! lod? *"Trancactions of the Geological Society ” vol. iv. second | culti vaim in 1847, has throm e 
The Earl of Devon took great ains to improve the style | seri and Dr. F. also 5 the large proportion | labourer Lt ed in their tillage out of e 42 
of jculture in the neighbourhood of his Powderham of 845 ee e of lime contained in these bodies. Dr. and as mos Surge amy aug press the aat a daia 
Fitton’s observations were chiefly made from the galt pain migi mus ll go on increasing by 15 destity, 
at Folkstone. ut he has also noticed the existence e fa = a ee tg farm ers as their 
heartily abused for abandoning the copse-like hedgerows | of these nodules in various parts of the upper and lower pee ome exhausted, and b 
i i i green sand; and the writer of this a rticle, besides | breaking Gak of rade after 
rule of thumb. But it is not necessary to | several casual disclosures, is familiar with tw o localities params ane . gentry, = the sli 
in which they were very abundant ; and where they wae ody. e at present exists 
may most probably still be seen, as the geologists. say, | it, if we exe ept tie 2 — of 5 our 
edly within sight of examples of the most successful | “in situ.“ There was, a few years ago, and most likely Pe disease and s = perpa 
2 3 l a ith | still is, a hummock of galt, apparently mixed with} The utter inability or the country to sustain the 
indifference, ser farmers. with horror, propos ie for | much green sand, and perhaps a member of the lower | present system of poor relief i ent to every 
introducing the bie! a H iad subsoil ploughing on that stratum, behind the wo khouse at Farnham k any knowledge of the capabilities of Treland, 
s which, now drowned wg pia y winter’s | to the left of the 2 ie Guildford, gol in these | but so paralyzed are the energies of the higher classes 
i hose processe trebled | fossil remains. An e are cliffs o er green | by th 8 of the evil, and by the infatuated 
in fertility. In Suffolk t se of 158 i is thoroughly sandat East Bourne in ae , between ind words in the | tinazity o Government the legislatu — 
un ttle, fields averaging six acres, with | ordna ap,“ Barracks“ nae they seem to have abandoned every hope of staying 
enormous hedges, lose more in copse shade than they | the fossils and coprolitic 3 may be fou 845 all the tor One would almost think that the epide- 
gain in lime. the relations of the green sand — — yun —— — whi 2% shed its baneful influence over our Potato 
It is now more than 70 years since the n- gated. Here too, the curious in in s botany will | crops “act 8 itself over our =e 
tific farming Lord Leicester, then Mr. Coke, change find the Sea- kale (C ram 3 ma —.— crite sue dht y tos uch cause we must as common 
Norfolk from a desert into a succession of garden- in t nw —- of the Cli ery r ike . inst vun is called r le (aa 
5 ling and quadrupli ris e int, 8 it is ue 2 that the i Soag- that the poor m pry in some way po 
and making the fortune of his tenants ; and nearly the ae — sand crops out, at the of the South | and the ag te circulated agai e 
e period since the Northumberland moorlands | Downs, the whee: length w ‘the sa vr Sussex, in a cipients of it. The poor ie re Baia 
were quadrupled and quintupled in rental by the enter. plateau of fine strong Wheat land. But it is not every- | (and u fimi ed credit is attached 
f e a Cu et 5 E 0 a e where that the ker tilising att of the green sand is a Pao unwilli — to labour, wa the British pu 
ers nd great diffieulties in inducing the e abound in fossil remains to the | is cajoled by the assertions of the interested 
farmers of certain districis to commence on the very | extent of the nee above N — he prenter r han elief accorded = ° indi nee ‘ae 
aoe C of ag eA gt se of the plateau high gr e spoken of, s the wages of honest pee while I 
is Tane 2 t mt experiments a and Idee pol 3 p Rem of ~~ bed ‘tam & — 15 ee 2 which — believe that ninety-nine out of a hundred of these b 
-0 > avagant, that | logists are agree nsider a part of the upper green | paupers would gladly labour Bc: ive their prayers 
cautious, sober-minded men ma tand exensed if they | sand; but aan if 2 ſor, the green sand and blessings to boot, for 10% a te a sum in- 
doubt the merits of a system promulgated by such er varying from 2 to 6 feet u thickness s; may be found, adequate to their support; but 8d., Gd., and even their 
a aed For instance, as an experi tal farm, no | between 22 malm and the chalk, though often obscured | bare food, leaving their families wholly without support, 
ubt the Tiptree estate has rendered 8 service by loam rift. It thence becomes worthy of notice | are very generally offered to the few whose are 
the ge of scientific agriculture ; but we may be to the proprietors are W of these Bee -below | required, and because these terms are not always at 
ge to doubt . on so small a scale as e Downs, whether o it may answer their purpose | cepted, they are idle and won’t wor few in 
a 7 steam e me the eee Rag to quarry Mose a red: beds to manure a fertile soils; stances of combination occur which give 3 
88, A 5 5 * ements provided by Mr. aud particularly to ameliorate the condition T ha stiffer to this assertion, but they are very few, a and the 
have left a profit, unless in the sale of the razors | lands of the malm, the chalk marls ws — made of them 1 
of the ingenious 8 As to the reverend gentle- | meadows and arable lands dow i 1 It is absurd to say the labourers will not work fot 
man of Dorsetshire, who has concluded a series of | known that the most productive parts of the malin ian wages, for it is, and Abe be destitute 2 proof, for the 
ser, lectures 2 feeding i proposing to fatten | are those wal ro subsoil is the green sand in q oi; | Farmers have not money to employ th em at evs d 
pigs wit ai Lee, * in addition to greens daily, And 9 coprolitic bodies — not abou a cae ji wages, and they have not produce to — them 
prop y, be very — after a certain where, there are universally other remains of ancient kind. The wages of a million of labourers—and ag 
28 of skeet bi arog an agricultural dinner, but animal life, the form of shells, fish bones, stems of ably to Mr. Butt’s statisties, the agri he 
oubt that t they are call ulated to bring | marine plants, &e., which, with the green matter of the | bourers, inclu ing occupiers who do not employ lie 
the science of agriculture into contempt, and to | sand itself, impart richness and fertilit bourers t Ireland to 1, 131,71 — the 
strengthen the judicos of the rale of thumb school. T. we-pass from. the ont. * pone ae er ene e only 1668 
Some o st farmers are of opi hat in- | Sussex and 8 d in sti i ue 
genuity y w 3 implement makers has been | westward in ie thee and fertile ee oF Pe oe „ a paa palan 15 weed SIPE i 
. 1 y 7 = 
carrying them too far; that ey have been producing prems pieces of Wheat land in the kingdom. The whole | sons, 4 stone of meal a day is a bare allowance, and a$ 
machines too complicated, in attempts to perform too from Bed y — 
ea = ley from Bedwin to Devizes is covered with this soil! ls. 4d. a stone may be set down as pes W 
many operations at once, too liable to be deranged, and ik e a man 6 — tratum dipping under the chalk of m Lache 
consequently too expensive for general use; and that the Marlborough Downs a À the north, and I 8 — “su a ý f 
we sball have to improve in the direction ‘of simplicity. ous on the — It is not yet k a sailed j stone meal, per day, 24. 3 Sici Ga 
Tt is a curious fact that after a variety of very compli- | fertility of the vale of Pews 15 de 5 niga ein wee Firing 8 5 p 
hed et chaff = slicing Turnips | ence of coprolite nodules „ e ee Washing 5 — 
been elici by the prizes o Royal but it ; i ‘ os = z 
Agricultur dety, bra instéuments were pro Pie å, which „„ * p same causes Shoes and clothes os 
which were at once admitted 2 combine the most usefui logieal position in Su h gr Wi othe ued Divided ni — 
2 vey ase had been in use in obscure localities for | the aoa ee. fem re dais 8 produeed 
ween 20 or ; a i 
$ about at the ‘villa of P fi 5 
Wich respect to io airo certa. ge of Pewsy, for instance, good profitable The then, of a million of ta 
which, ne N sant inly the agers workings might be made ; though it were folly to expect a day, aes deduetions e wet days and 
benefit on the f. rest, there is ilabl 2 nt to 11, 000,000“. ear, the a ae 
teeny a a mi “aa 0 are matter of joie bone: n manure, or of modern guano. | exports of Teclaad when b labour was paid ye 
t here are no records of ; 4 BN ders : supposing, then, her exportsstill amounted tol = ie 
of our agriculture on which it N be pos- | it would require the whole of N 
pron aco tions. For instance, we know 
on the eastern coast, the straw-yards (where that 
Mauure which is of th $ iples | 
N cultivation) are filled by lean catt 1 
av. ire, efor e, Yorkshire. 
land, and even Ireland, These 4 
merly 
: travelled a at the rate 3 eben along che rome, — 
by rail in as many hours as da . „ 5 
8 j js by the road system, and it 1 3 
one man-doing the duty of five, without dogs. A ease | contents ef — . ee 
n 
| expense in their sp rt by ad 
aps | cluding a long list of additio 
ns, 6 
melm lands of the But A. Bre ky th nina 
8 the 
cm the 3 moulds of the — at light is + retfeshing, and there is no 
are always 1 i : 
Here oe “euipeilide 
* — found, but they are — so frequent, 
are any animal so abundant in the lower as 
inthe upper green sand and gale stenta —P. P. 
