25—1848.] 
H eion erer G MACHINES.—Improved Double | 
3 x — ee 
t improve 
es bare all from both be which causes 
ae n 3 kin 
have also an additional motion by 73. 
the rakes can be turned the reverse way, leaving the hay re- 
markably loose and light. 
The 3 ‘coer the Iron trade enables CoTTam and 
to offer IRON HURDLES at extraordinary low prices, 
o every description of continued and 
ricultural and Horticultural Titr 
ments 
the prices of all their articles agree- 
of r Be pegs Ben- 
e Dadoa tA 
The Agricultural Gazette. 
TURDAY, JUNE 17, 1848. 
INGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 
Jur une pA tee Society of England. 
Turspar, 
Ericultural Imp. Society of Ireland. 
ya —j 9 — D Aaronit 1 of England. 
Tubssoar, — 2—Agricaltural Im ety of Ireland. 
Farmers’ CLUBS.—June 17: —June hi 9: W. Market.—June 23: 
Wadebridge.—June 30; Stranraer. 
“« THE 3 theory involves the whole Doctrine 
STE 3 e from a former article on the 
subject of farm econ 
This statement is n pind ho owever, absolutely true of 
agricaltare any more than it is of practical chemistr 
Ses in he far Fart far more than in the labora- 
ising from accident and 6 oe 
3 — that which is due to 
But, apart from 8 ample so urces—carelessness | t 
and ry aste in agriculture may be trul 
said to arise bet contraventions of what is sree iY 
THE Atomic THEO 
Perhaps the best way of presenting this eerste to 
one previously Legs. areca with it might be thus 
—Take a specimen ofany mechanically Bepe ié. 
unmixed — . for instance: it is capabl 
* it is it 1 eg ble: by | 
and bye, N you ro 
y psom 
taining seven atoms of water, . 123.8. “It is thus 
l Ps 
b- applying them to the 3 of any 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
ther those whose r forms them. To add 
instance more, we n a Salar way that 
the atomic number of of a of — is 60.8, 
or, as i it is sold, in the form o 
ts, con- 
405 
results: and if the very items of farm n practice can 
be shown to rest on the same fou 
ical combinations, To Pe esent to a 
0 
eee Wader of atoms of any subst 
any other su e e is a 255 rene cof ‘the dif- 
nce : to present to any subst e of an 
. than in the proportion subsisting between the 
| meget of their respective atoms, i of waste 
sn as ort chemical relationship —— them is 
But the ‘atomic theory is not ee to minerals: 
oe mes substances, too, are hae of ee The 
ion 
r 
terious sway a 
one he gluten, the starch, the 
— forming the substance of angen table 
wes 
| losophical remarks on Pro 
r, each the improvement which 
the other expe ose who think so have 
an opportunity of lending their aid to the cause by 
joi — the A ral Chemistry Society, w ose 
a aes AS 5 N 25 
SEVERAL have appeared Iin the 
Gazette on this —— some of Sof which speak ss wells 
— while in others 
e Mr. Law 
f. Du iry 
the 8 of salt as a manure. arse the sub- 
ject in satisfa — Tight, — given it a far more 
grain of cereals, are either so contradictory or so 
of economical advantage e as to present scarcely any in- 
food, pos 
ess as — an magi a 3 as any o of the theoretical investigation | n the 2 The fact ad- 
— mpounds: an e same is true of the duced b support is position, rind 
albumen, fibrin, and fat of —— e s. No doubt which is — Y all avoredited Bor that chlo- 
mpe n mperfe 
still f — — the viit pani aini of Mic try ae 
n the management of the field and the fold-yard— 
e fe — houses a vely of plants and of 
animals—yet we believe the time will come when it 
will be understood ties as 
to depend not 
mchte, plant or e whic 
a oH on the ies 5 of the raw 3 
machine 
whie 
a chemia aker as alt as those ol vegetable 
and animal physiology, are e ig known to in- 
fluence this result, an of economically 
desired | 
end will no doubt, ere long, be devise 
while itis to a comparatively humble de- 
partment of agriculture that — omic theory can 
alone as yet be fully applied 
manufacture and management of manures. It may | P 
nce be chemically simple, i. e. in e of che- 
mical de ecomposition, ra are indivisible absolutely. 
Ifthe substance, however, be und, its atoms, 
though incapable of Seel division, may be de- 
composed by chemical Pt, Du ms a 
an ay be separated, which make up one atom 
of the compound s An 
oxygen, these being the Pee which, chemi- 
ly united, form lime. ase the 
are 255 ed by the u 
0 matter—simple bodies by the aggregation of the 
atoms of one kind of matter. The atoms of various 
mpound, depen 
ascertained proportions in w 
made of them will unit 
It has be 
f| manure 
numb 
— Every bulk of manure, liquid o 
s | 17.2 lbs. o 
requires 86.6 lbs. 
. | geste 
- use in the liquid manure tan eir action 
of 
time to the loss of ammonia from the tank and the 
heap; we only do so iS illustrate the 
avoidance o vate in the processes of 5p * 
Our atomie s given above apply t 
id or solid. 1 
f ammonia or 39.32 Ibe. of its carbonate, 
of gypsum or 139.1 lbs, 
vitriol, or 123. “te * —.— n. or oil of vitriol 
enoug gh to sup of su 
More would be waste of means, 5 = OF allow 
waste of their object ; these are the ee which 
in each cas e supply acid pre A 
atom, with the ammonia pres 
el fixed e of ammonia. e sub- 
ft 
stances the acid or ke Epsom salts is the best, and | wa 
The Epsom 
the iron salt the w m salts, as sug- 
Wy Dr. Sura, are gs gd suited for 
thei 
on its contents results i in the sediment of crystals 
a enhetance 
ride of sodium forms but an insign 
efi 
f| strongly inductive argument against the 
ee ape that ay em — toed k 
an those N such as s phosphoric 
d magnesia, which form the 
in . ri 1 is anot 
mentioned by Mr. Brown, o cester, in No. 21 of 
he Agricultural Gase iat o on a the Cotswo 
. from 5 ew passage of the Se wie 
con gh mee not only appreciable “n the 
usual Ae Ar e the eye on 
windows after hich held *. in solution has 
era raporated. The nban] evaporation of vi 
We refer to the | 
— d tash and soda, along wick the 
vesi urre 
common t in rain wa 
of green | that in all 
Iphuric ot in order | dre 
ing to check the 8d of his volatile obits 1 
ter ile 
r gas beyond this 9 is ‘Teft unal- 
tered. 114 is concluded that one atom of hydrogen 
b. of hydrogen as in 2 8 Ibs. 
the atom 
gen and oxygen being respectively 1 and 
8—that an atom of calcium weighs 4 
0 
: er, 8 
as of N of lime, 100.2; of biphosphate 
e, ; one carbon ia, i 
e e sulphate 
i in the crystallised 
pa. ited ‘with seven Coun of water, 139.1: the 
— in every case obtained , just as the 
And N of the bones, must be added 
add to these remarks for 7 eee of ea 10 
anu 
atoms themselves are, by adding toge - 
of admirable compos sition 
excellent fixer 
ride ot man refuse from some of our che- 
i for a quantity of manure con- 
32 lbs. of carbonate of ammonia, 63.2 Ibs. 
of this chloride will be neede 
The atomic numbers are obviously e also, 
as guides to the manufacture of “ bones and acid.” 
But to this subject we have already (p — 141) at 
full length referred. 5 t mu dener fe the present, 
therefore, to state w numbers teach, that | 
of | 
100.2 lbs. 
Ibs. of sulphuric acid, srs 
pendently of the portion called for by the other 
calculations, that ordinary f 
„held to contain avout "20 lbs. en —— "of am- 
ee. in every ton; and the liqu 
anks, supposing it to be undiluted urine, may con 
tain — 40 Ibs. of the carbonate or its ele satz 
very 100 gallon 
"We hope — 5 has been 
aspirant after agricultural improvement how hy pe- 
fully it may be looked for iu g ‘eames of agri- 
cultural chemistry. Scarce m process exists 
that does not depend on the stouile 98 for its 
Another 
of snaois in R is the eles | 
We ay 0 
id manure of the | Y 
An 
said to show every | 
ocality where these remarks are wri 
rma about 10 miles as ela 
flies, me in heavy rains from that er the 
water brings along w ith it so t that a yos 
drops of nitrate of silver owed toa wine gasl of the 
Hi 
w epope Farther to 
lar portion of 3 
so satu- 
to Dysart ;” yet instances are not 
unknown to — writer where 
cov 
houses with 
at all advisabl it gene- 
for the ae the — * the soil. 
There is one on is in which salt may be 
used ely, and upon § ‘which a considerable 
ory 
amount of confirmatory results have been obtained, viz., 
