478 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. — 
hard i Il, 
Paper, of the 27th March last year, as to the manner of as then we have both v water fi from below and that from of — — till, others of 
— mae — * above also, merely clay, This land which, Soh for — 
Date of Operation, 1835 to 1841. we have to convey away. — I shall designate. No. 2, is a Shout 
i : imperial. ; ow oping 
é ‘rom decomposed No. XIV.—Kurx BY pSr N. B.— Date of Ope- | seribed, and the ridges vary from 200 pore ya “ns 
stone to a soft, sandy clay : generally 1 foot deep. rations.—From 1818 to 1 mhia length. It was formerly drained, partially, by. — 
Nature of Subsoil.—There being several outbursts of Extent ees 400 a drains in the old-fashioned styles but in comet e 
on the farm, the parts so situated required no Nature of Soil.—200 — ‘clay soil and subsoil ; 200 | their terminating in the rained 
a > of | ac m, mostly on a clay subsoil, with part- soy 3 ee pes — — up. — 
en ; ist of deep beds of sandy | ings of siliceo F a ng of the low land by opening up a free outlet 
ae, salted — per pron The boulders are ai ‘Mode — — — pie ih 8 to 1827 most of | the task of laying the higher ground dry — 
— or trap, the small ones a good deal decom P; | the — s drained in — ote method, by | easy. Forty-one acres of this Iand were drained ti 
—— padi general wetness, arising from the close cutting drains from 3 feet a 6 feet e ae An — =a down the slope with 2} feet drains 36 feet and 
apart, 
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he | plan was adopted, and : res w y way of n — 
first drains had been i is farm; the mode filled with stones, with sufficient declivity across the | more than 3 feet deep, ines ana 54 feet a The 
adopted was by cutti e kd 18 inches | descent for the water to run, about 72 feet apart; by —.— was about the same as the shallower r drained 
wide at bottom, a and ng from 2 7 55 tuia or kevelled | this the land was made. drier, but not so much so as to ions; and as yet a advantage seems to 
stones, a box being formed in the bottom, and the render it fit for raising green crops. In 1833, Mr. in — of deep drai be rather 
others packed in above. Almost all of these are still ‘ith o anston’s pamphlet came under my notice, 3 ee OF Ti An 0 8 10 
and most effectual in their operation between the which led me to commence to cut the drains up and | 322 . wae tbl “rou 
and clay; but where they were extended over the | down the casga Aora Bura er 2 133 yn a or, gos Mr. Gillespie paid 1651, 2 * 
1 ive parts of the farm, in the spring season, a ever since, and all the lan i een previously r. Oarsw i: p ; 
-z ae — thei: -si es In fact, | drained by the old method, as well as ae undrained Sat ene sides, levelling, be. ., 0 3 i. 
they merely showed the necessity of a uniform system land, is now ot drained, r dry t 62 of meadow land, cost for digging, and mate 0 
being adopted. These being very expensive to form, to carry — erops. e drains ar all eu as narrow rial for filling Daye 134 10 0 
after many hundred chains had been executed, a cheaper as they can be by the common — le, from 24 feet to aerie oao oam, — ford 08 08 
was adopted, viz., by cutting 3 feet deep, making 3 feet in depth, — 164 feet — filled with stones 16 | terial for filling arios d igging and ma, u 
the bottom 18 inches or 1 foot wide, and filling 13 foot inches — ne surface; the stones are sage thin with | Carriage of stones, &. 93 6 8 
with the cut whinstone; after these followed a different the ham set on theiy thin edge he bottom, | Car nia ge of stones — 1172 yards of sub-main i drains, 
sort altogether. About the year 1830 a good many which ran anual runlets for the water ; pes these 15, per yar .. 5812 0 
tiles were laid down to the depth of 18 inches, and | the drains are filled with N stone : . 6570 1 U 
mostly without soles; these have either been now all| The Cost of the operation was 2 follows: — The 7s: 61d. per acre nearly, * 
taken up again or are choked. In 1835, Mr. Smith's drains cost for ousting; at — average, 2. 28. 8d. per| Nesults Hic Mae of the 62 acres of meadow land be- 
em was introduced; there was no attention paid to Statute acre; quarrying stones, about 17. ls. 4d. ; fore being drained were almost 5 for ane 
former drains, save as to using them as mains, or cartage, breaking stones, and filling drains, about 37. 4s. ; | aud seldom could a remunerating crop be calcula 
where they coincided with the parallel ones; but the | or 6/. 8s. per acre. upon, whereas now it produces heavy crops’ bi | 
whole land was gone regularly over with 2} feet drains, The Results—The land formerly was mostly kept Turnips, and Grass. The enhanced value of the 
ent from 4 to 7 inches wide in the bottom, and filled under summer fallow, except a small portion of — is not overstated at 25s. per acre, or about I7 per 
from 10 to 16 inches deep with whinstone, broken to pass | driest parts, on which Turni ips and Potatoes were raised | cent, for the money expended ; John Haæton. 
through a 3-inch ring; at the distance of, in the widest with uncertainty. Now summer — — is almost com- IENTAL POUL’ 
ard of 36 feet, a nd f n the closest 18 feet, The pletely given up, and good crops of Turnips are raised ORNAMENTAL ac 
of digging averaged 4d. per 6 yards, the stones 8d. almost with certainty. After the — it was found must already — — that the object 
— do.; cartage, filling, putting on turf or stone over that the white crops were not so bulky, alt shown stiffer thew sors is not merely to give some-aceount —— 
A Ke, 4d, Had tiles been used the cost would in the straw ; in such cases it is necessary to apply ad- birds as are usually aaa with us, but alsoto 
have been alike. Tiles being much cheaper now, 200 diti tional manure to bring the land into aii in order 3 our to indicate others which there is a reasonable 
acres would be drained every 18 feet apart, 150 acres to reap the full benefit of drainage. The great advan- hope of rendering subject to the rule of man, and aral 
every 36 feet, and 50 acres, each 27 feet. Except in | tage —.— emo the land being drained, is owib g, in | able to his use. But it is only after much patience and 
à few cases, the drains followed the direction of the | a great re, to the increased power given to keep | m many trials that we can expect to enslave and attach to 
ridges and down the slope. Not one of these drains | and fatten st — of all Ende on the farm by the raising ourselves any creatures hitherto wild and unsubdued, 
e * Uu ill min 
lts.—The laud, previously to the drainage that | tened in winter on this farm, and no sheep were kept ;| principles that may guide us in choosing the most likely 
commenced in 1835, had been under a regular rotation | from 60 to 70 head of the former are now fattened in — for our experiments, which the following ac 
ro r to 20 score of the latter are fattened | count of my — limited dealings with the wigeon may’ 
„and was in average condition; lying in 18 feet | on Turnips on the land. By this system the manure is serve to illus 
very much raised in the centre, but little if | increased in quantity, as well as improved in quality, When — — bird or anial ea pei for many 
anything grew in the furrows, and Turnips were rather | thus enriching the soil for the 8 4 corn crops. | generations, per aa se for many h 
precarious, especially i in wet seasons, The fields are all The land is now dry, and not a dit open ; the neighbourhood, within pi Bags — — under 2 
laid flat mg Phe with the furr d running, not one having 8 seen to fail; care of man, and yet cannot be made to lose its innate: 
sowing and r ping, and the effects are such where J. F 3 — shyness, and to prefer the ng aad comfort of domes- 
drained each 10 fee — > prevent water ever from is No. M IR ticati wild ar’ i í i 
seen to stagnate on the surface, and the soil is as | County oe ‘Fife, belonging, respectively, to Dadi Gil- | is little hope that further attempts on our part will haf? 
br as that lying on the trap rock itself. Yet, save | lespie and David Carswell, Esqrs., comprising on the any effect ‘th bringing such cenbirel 150 closer int · 
ee 8 tarr and D ith us. The water-hen and the 
been able to obtain such an immense inerease in the nod 7 19 years’ lease by David Anderson and two sufficient instances among birds, the zebra appears 
n Haxton, i 
vat * to be one a uadrupeds. i : 
- given in a rotation previous to the drainage, and Date of Operations. * and 1842. i d intelligent dis- 
ditto since, I find that the surplus since would just Estent drained.—118 positions Sent omer „ entertained, in 
about ~~ produce of the furrows, or say one-nint Nature of the soil, &c. “62a res of flat, alluvial ome spite of great apparent difficulties. One whieh would 
greater. 5 will have increased one-quarter, and | composed of a n upper soil of black alluvium, lying o appear to be a bar to all reasonable hope o of 
cause; 
the old 4 or 5 feet drains ran along parallel to the new | which belon i 
I gs to Mr. Carswell, and the water is used | odi ical voyages th th — and 
ones, and served so far as one of them, I have never | by him for the purposes of an Oatmeal and Barley mill. | a more ‘settle d, ina — than the 
am-dyke is on a le i . 
drains were dry, and where one of these o i i 5 
s P iese opened into a of which was that when the pond was full, or in high h does not ne 
== prea roa Ses 8 equidistant from | floods, the whole of the land was saturated, and as 8 N “gag p occasionally lol 
em, i me the shallow ones began first portions — submerged, In order to rectify this in the morning from the Low Countries to the Nor the 
ee deep, and had j di * Po men = to feed on certain crops, and return Wash of Lu- 
—— e 3 of them, that x would have been so | drain it on both sides of the river without interferin 
cay rao a an ney lost over all the stiff stony with the water privilege which one had an exclusive 
bringing i 
matey it where diere i i an Leer a — ds mouth of which issued below the mill ik: — — 5 
with sand and free a1 embanking the river to prevent it overflowing | À ecessary to 1 
ae oa 4 25 bg a pipe tile drains = do, | either when the pond = full or in Soeki This rosie, cone = = the Jast threo ie, 
ion dire Fans : A or. drain, is e Moun t to start away, 3 i 
nD on my farm, but that I have frequently examined, | is 20 feet deep os its 3 aod 1D. fos feet ae a pa i Sayan de sata ee eee Thesheep" 
nae a stiff, close, retentive subsoil, and which had upper end, gre whole length being 322 Th i ot free from 
been drained with 5 fect drains on the Elkington prin- | drain itself consists ha oaa e e eee circumstane: 
ciple, and where there was 3 fe i K m raa the ane” The pee roving disposition. And therefore the now and thes, 
appearance that even in the sprin i ible | joi i 
g it was impossible jointed conduit hich ss ; i 
sA Pes at way the old drains lay, and that had all river, dischn — * ace — x the | to the possibility of its being d 
ae — im every furrow 2 feet 2 inches a with | the main conduit. sides of the riv à it hau time a 
did they op is druined wien ver Stein cael at the same ti 
85 
find : k 
of ff sandy 24 feet is i erted sods ent , wise; that if we gend eat 
— — a and that when — aip —.— f pangs pS ang 8 er s 1 e eee ee, vin ee we mute 
raw TASS „we multi 
water take place from p orous open joii 9e t hs 5 rest of the land drained But t though we may devour the the turkey 
with the flat stents, 4 foet isthe nn — metis, consis 0 56 acres of hardish, ree: loam, resting on and perhaps preserve the species. 1 1 Fa? 
$ 5 Eros ouatt on P/ P- ; 
