Ferns at LAKE Dovuaias, MIcHIGAN 109 
forest growth which represents the condition of the cut 
over areas in the past. This tract of hard maple, sweet 
birch, and hemlock offers the best kind of a home for 
the ferns of this region. Here are to be found 17 of the 
24 species of ferns reported for this region. Owing to 
the protection offered by these woods, the ferns grow 
very luxuriantly. Among the largest and most stately 
is Goldie’s Fern, Aspidium Goldianum. Cystopteris bul- 
bifera was found with fronds three feet long and some 
of these fronds bore from 25 to 35 bulbils. This species 
loves a very wet place and in these woods was found 
most abundantly in the ravines close to the water’s edge. 
Cystopteris fragilis, unlike its sister species, was found 
only in the drier locations and this was at the source of 
the ravines. Higher up on the sides of the ravines, 
Asplenium filiz-foemina, the Lady Fern, was found 
growing in considerable numbers. 
Aspidium Goldianum, the largest and most beautiful 
fern of the region, was found in one station in the sum- 
mer of 1913 by Professor Smith and in the summers of 
1914 and 1915, the writer found them in a large number 
of new stations, all of them however, in about the same 
kind of location, moderately moist and shady. Onoclea 
Struthiopteris was found in but one place. This region 
was along the edge of the Burt Lake woods where a very 
small area was cleared and fenced off for a pasture. 
These ferns were browsed off by the cattle each year 
and the growth for the summer of 1915 was about one 
half that of 1914. Adiantum pedatum was found grow- 
ing in greatest abundance on upturned soil due to the 
felled trees. 
THE Bocs 
Under this heading will be discussed the swamps, 
marshes and swales. A typical bog in this region 1s 
characterized by its growth of Tamarack and Arbor 
Vitae. The soil is usually acid in reaction and poorly 
