198 FORMATIONS OF THE 
Every specimen as yet brought from the Bad Lands, proves to be of species that 
became exterminated before the mammoth and mastodon lived, and differ in their 
specific character, not alone from all living animals, but also from all fossils ob- 
tained even from cotemporaneous geological formations elsewhere. 
Along with a single existing genus, the Rhinoceros, many new genera never before 
known to science have been discovered, and some, to us at this day, anomalous fami- 
lies, which combine in their anatomy structures now found only in different orders. 
They form, indeed, connecting links between the pachyderms, plantigrades, and 
digitigrades. For example, in one of the specimens from this strange locality, de- 
scribed by Dr. Leidy under the name of Archiotherium, we find united characters 
belonging now to the above three orders; for the molar teeth are constructed after 
the model of those of the hog, peccary, and babyroussa; the canines as in the bear; 
while the upper part of the skull, the cheek-bones, and the temporal fossa assume 
the form and dimensions which belong to the cat tribe. Another, the Oveodon of 
Leidy, has grinding teeth like the elk and deer, with canines resembling the omni- 
vorous thick-skinned animals; being, in fact, a race which lived both on flesh and 
vegetables, and yet chewed the cud like our cloven-footed grazers. 
Associated with these extinct races, we behold also, in the Mauvaises Terres, 
abundant remains of fossil pachydermata, of gigantic dimensions, and allied in their 
anatomy to that singular family of proboscidate animals, of which the tapir may be 
taken as a living type. These form a connecting link between the tapir and the 
rhinoceros; while, in the structure of their grinders, they are intermediate between 
the daman and rhinoceros; by their canines and incisors, they connect the tapir 
with the horse, on the one hand, and with the peccary and hog on the other. They 
belong to the same genus of which the labours of the great Cuvier first disclosed 
the history, under the name of Puleotheriwm, in publishing his description of the 
fossil bones exhumed from the gypsum quarries of Montmartre, near Paris, but are 
of distinct species; and one, at least, of this genus, discovered in the Bad Lands 
(Paleotherium Proutii), must have attained a much larger size than any which the 
Paris basin afforded. In a green, argillo-calcareous, indurated stratum, situated 
within ten feet of the base of the section, a jaw of this species was found, measuring, 
as it lay in its matrix, five feet along the range of the teeth, but in such a friable 
condition, that only a portion of it could be dislodged; and this, notwithstanding 
all the precautions used in packing and transportation, fell to pieces before reaching 
diana. 
A nearly entire skeleton of the same animal was discovered, in a similar posi- 
tion, which measured, as it lay embedded, eighteen feet in length, and nine feet in 
height. But here, as in the former case, the crumbling condition of the bones ren- 
dered it impossible to disinter them whole; and the means of transportation to the 
Missouri were insufficient, even if these interesting remains could have been ex- 
tracted in good condition. 
Some teeth and imperfect jaws, from the same bed, appear to belong to a genus 
established, in 1847, by Dr. Leidy, under the name of Poébrotherium, an animal 
which he considers intermediate between the Dorcatherium and the Anoplotherium. 
Many bones, skulls, and teeth were collected from a flesh-coloured, indurated, 
