ST. CROIX COUNTRY. 277 
associated conglomerate, have no perceptible dip. On the west side of the river is 
a ridge, varying from ten to twenty feet in height, and composed of conglomerate 
and disintegrating sandstone, the upper part resembling very much the red marls 
of the Lake region. The ridge extends about eighty yards back to a cedar swamp, 
which reaches to the drift bluffs, under which the conglomerate and sandstone dis- 
appear, as shown on this Section. 
Fourteen miles above Pine Rapids, there is a large exposure of sandstone, forming 
rapids and islands in the river. It is in very thin layers, and dips southeast by 
south. 
Above this place, and just below Lake Nemakweagon, the bed of the river, which 
is shallow and greatly expanded, is made by thin beds of red sandstone, traversed 
by numerous parallel cracks or fissures, having a northeast and southwest direction. 
The rock is very close-grained, and shows fine lines of deposition, some of which are 
light-coloured, and give to the rock a banded appearance. 
At the upper end of Lake Nemakweagon the red sandstone, which has been 
traced from Snake River to this place, is exposed in low knolls and ridge-like pro- 
longations through the woods, and approaching to within a hundred yards of the 
river bank. 
Between Nemakweagon and Pijiki Lakes, there is a ridge, varying from fifty to 
seventy-five feet in height, bearing northeast and southwest, and on the northwest 
side of it, red clay-beds are to be seen. The nucleus of the ridge is probably red 
sandstone, but it is concealed by the drift deposits. 
The general direction of the ridges which form the highlands about the sources 
of the St. Croix and Bois Brulé Rivers, is northeasterly and southwesterly, inclining 
more to the east and west than the ridges further south. 
After passing the water-shed, the first rock found in place is No. 456 of the 
Descriptive Catalogue, which crosses the Bois Brulé, bearing east and west. At 
various points between this place and Lake Superior, beds of red sandstone, shale, 
and conglomerate, are exposed in the river banks, covered by heavy deposits of red 
clay, sandy marl, and drift. The sedimentary rocks dip gently to the southeast. 
SECTION II. 
NARRATIVE OF EXPLORATIONS MADE IN 1847, BETWEEN PORTAGE LAKE AND THE HEAD-WATERS OF 
WISCONSIN RIVER, AND DOWN THAT STREAM TO WINNEBAGO PORTAGE. 
We remained at La Pointe five days; the time being devoted by the men to 
rest, and by ourselves in procuring supplies for our journey to the Mississippi. 
On the 18th September, we left La Pointe for the head-waters of Wisconsin River, 
