348 DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY 
a northeasterly and southwesterly direction. It is very tough, weathers with a 
nodulated iron-shot crust, and resembles in all respects that seen at the mouth of 
Kawimbash River. After passing this ridge, No. 402 is found resting on the green- 
stone, and fifty yards further up it is overlaid by a bed of trap similar to that found 
at the mouth of the river. 
The dip of the bedded rocks is changed to east-northeast, at an angle of 18°. 
These rocks are overlaid by clay, marl, and drift-beds. The clays and marls are 
bedded, and about thirty feet in thickness. The upper part, or that immediately 
under the drift, is yellowish-coloured, the remainder red. Over these beds is about 
eight feet of drift. ‘Some of the boulders are remarkably large, and all well-worn 
and rounded. Above the drift is a deposit of red clayey marl, three feet thick, 
which is thinly laminated, and bears great resemblance to the beds overlying the 
drift on the Mississippi. 
The point of rocks immediately below Passabika River shows, in the most satis- 
factory manner, proofs of ancient glacial action, in numerous grooves and scratches. 
Their course is south 46° west, and exactly at right angles with the dip or inclina- 
tion of the rock on which they are found, showing, conclusively, that the action of 
the present lake ice could have had nothing to do with their production; as in that 
case, the ice would have descended the inclined plane to the Lake, and produced 
grooves having a southeast direction. 
. Another proof of their having been produced at a former period, and by other 
agents than those now engaged in modifying the lake-shore, is, that where the 
rock (No. 600) has been broken up by the action of present causes, so as to fall 
below the general level of the rock, the grooves and scratches disappear, and again 
reappear beyond the recently degraded places: 
This rock (No. 600) forms the lake-shore as far as the middle of the second bay 
below the mouth of Passabika River, where it is overlaid by No. 595, which is tra- 
versed by a narrow dike of No. 601. The metamorphosed rock in contact with the 
dike (No. 602), is still more highly changed. It dips southeast 8°. A short dis- 
tance further on is another dike, sixteen feet wide, with the same bearing, and ac- 
companied by a spar vein six inches in width. These dikes hade slightly to the 
northwest. They are prismatic, and the joints horizontal. Near these dikes the 
metamorphosed rocks (No. 398) contain many large druses, filled with crystals of 
quartz and calcareous spar (No. 399). The last-mentioned dike, which seems to 
have an easterly course, does not cut entirely through the bedded rocks at some 
places, but appears rather to terminate in a number of strings, as shown in the an- 
nexed figure. 
SSS 3 : 
: SS) CaS b 
SSR SSSSSS 
a 
a, a, a, Dike. 6, Metamorphosed rock, syenitic. 
A little further on is a dike bearing north 5° east, traversing No. 595, which 
continues up the extreme eastern point of the bay, becoming, as it is removed fur- 
ther and further from the influence of the dike, decidedly shaly and thinly lami- 
* 
