362 DESCRIPTION OF THE 
pally, by No. 613, and patches of shingle. In the bays, for a long distance above 
the Bay of Islands, this rock appears to bear east of north, and is seen at all the 
small points, and at the bottoms of the pockets, as far as the first island, which is 
composed of it. At several places it seems to be bedded, and to have overflowed 
the sedimentary rocks through which it was erupted. At the second point, above 
the mouth of Little Cedar River, No. 603 is seen, carrying with it, as before, huge 
embedded masses of felspar rock, and lining the shore of Cedar River Bay. The 
easterly point of the bay is made by No. 613. The islands between this point and 
the Great Palisades, with the exception of the one already noticed, are composed of 
No. 252. 
Judging from the direction of the islands, and the line they make with one 
another, as well as with the shore and the Palisades, I set down the bearing of No. 
252 at north 10° to 15° east. The shore opposite the islands is made by No. 603. 
In the bottom of the bay, above the Great Palisades, and between that and the 
islands, metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are seen underlying No. 603, which 
forms the small points that give so much irregularity to the shore here, and has 
embedded in it large fragments of felspar rock and of a greenish-coloured trap. At 
this place there are two, if not three large dikes, belonging to the different periods, 
and differing in mineral composition, yet having nearly the same bearing. 
In the deep pocket, at the beginning of the Great Palisades, is a dike of No. 624, 
bearing north 45° W., traversing No. 625. The Palisade rock here overlies a very 
finely-laminated slaty rock, much altered by heat, and associated with a brecciated 
conglomerate (Nos. 627 and 628), which is interposed between the altered slate and 
No. 624. It is amygdaloidal, and presents the appearance of having been partially 
fused. Both the cementing material and the pebbles, which are rounded, are 
equally full of small cavities, most of them empty, but occasionally filled with par- 
tially decomposed zeolites and other minerals. The degree of fusion to which the 
rock has been subjected was so great as to produce a very complete blending of the 
pebbles; still the difference in degree of fusibility of the various rocks from which 
they were derived, as well as the differences of composition and colour, serve to 
mark its regular conglomeritic structure with the utmost distinctness and certainty. 
At this exposure the conglomerate is about forty feet thick, exceedingly rough and 
irregular in fracture, soft in some places and hard and brittle in others. It is tra- 
versed by veins of quartz, calcareous spar, and oxide of iron; all thin, and seeming 
rather to fill joints. Parts of the rock resemble very much the amygdaloid, under- 
lying the basaltic trap before spoken of; and this is especially the case at its june- 
tion with the Palisade rock, which, as before stated, rests upon it. 
The Palisade rock (Nos. 250, 251), specimens of which were taken from the 
bottom and top, present, essentially, the same characters throughout. It is gene- 
rally of a brick-red colour, very hard, with a sharp, irregular fracture, and contains 
numerous small crystals of quartz, and many of decomposing felspar. Great 
numbers of minute quartz veins also traverse the rock, crossing each other in all 
directions, and producing a very beautiful reticulated structure. The following 
sketch, by Major Richard Owen, presents a very accurate representation of its 
appearance, as seen from the Lake. This rock rises from the margin of the Lake to 
the height of over three hundred feet, presenting perpendicular columns from sixty 
