NORTHWEST SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR. eval 
The general course of Cariboo River is south, and, as far as explored, is a succes- 
sion of cascades, with perpendicular walls of rock on each side. The chasm through 
which it flows is from eight to twenty-five feet in width, and from sixty to eighty 
feet in depth. The bearing of the range is from northeast to southwest. After 
ascending the bluff at the mouth of the river, there is a very gradual rise for three- 
quarters of a mile, to the height of one hundred and forty-eight feet, where the first 
ridge begins, the summit of which is three hundred and thirty-four feet above the 
level of the Lake. Following up the stream, which flows in a gorge cut through 
this ridge and a spur of the succeeding one, for a mile and a quarter, No. 189 ap- 
pears in the bed of the stream, at an elevation of three hundred and four feet. This 
rock, of which there is one hundred and twenty feet exposed at the falls, does not 
differ from similar beds at other places, except in being highly charged with car- 
bonate of lime in some of the beds. The conglomerate exposure at the same place 
is eighty feet thick, with beds of siliceous shale intercalated, and resembles, in this 
respect, the conglomerates seen on Kagitshiwaninawak and Black Rivers, already 
described. The contained pebbles are, some of them, very large; and although 
many of them are angular, and give to the rock somewhat of a brecciated appear- 
ance, they are mostly rounded, and have a weathered aspect. Among them I 
noticed amygdaloid, slate, greenstone, and jasper. The paste in which they are 
embedded is calcareo-ferruginous, effervesces freely with acids, and contains a large 
percentage of iron. 
Beneath the conglomerate is an altered clay-slate, the upper part of a steel-gray 
colour, and much indurated, but breaking in the lines of deposition as well as 
cleavage with facility. This rock gradually changes as it descends, and finally be- 
comes metamorphosed into a dark reddish-coloured, jaspoid rock, extremely hard, 
with an irregular sharp fracture, and containing many small nodules of blood-red 
jasper. At the point where this section occurs, which is about two miles from the 
Lake, is a fall of one hundred and twenty feet, in three cascades, which exposes the 
contact of the different rocks in the most satisfactory manner. The wood engraving 
that forms the frontispiece to this Report, on page 208, from the pencil of Major 
R. Owen, represents the fall and escarpment of two hundred feet, through which 
Cariboo River descends to the Lake. 
The principal rock on the lake-shore, between the mouths of Cariboo and Two 
Island Rivers, is No. 630; associated, however, at many points, with other beds. 
The bay into which Cariboo River empties has a shingle beach, covered with large 
boulders, except toward the west end, where there is an exposure of from five to 
six feet of amygdaloid; and then, for one hundred yards, an escarpment thirty feet 
high, where the amygdaloid is overlaid by No. 630. The same rocks are seen at 
the point between this and the next bay below, twenty feet in height. The second 
bay has a shingle beach, without any rock exposure. At the point below, however, 
the same rocks occur in an escarpment thirty feet high, and dipping to the south- 
east, at an angle varying from 17° to 28°. In the third bay there is an exposure 
of five feet of rock, and at one point there seems to be a basaltic bed underlying the 
amygdaloid. Back of this bay, at the distance of about three-quarters of a mile, 
the ridge through which the gorge on Cariboo River is cut, passes in its northeast- 
