EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 613 
SAXIFRAGACEH.—Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, (L.) May. Bogs. St. Croix. Heuchera Richardsonii, 
(R. Br.) June. A common plant, characteristic of dry rolling prairies. Iowa and Minnesota. Mitella 
diphylla, (L.) May. Shady hillsides. St. Croix.  Mitella nuda, (L.) Deep woods. Upper St. 
Croix. Chrysosplenium Americanum, (Schwein.) Northern brooks. Upper St..Croix. 
UMBELLIFERa.—Hydrocotyle Americana, (L.) August. Springy places. Falls of St. Croix. Sanicula 
Canadensis, (L.) June. Blue Earth River. Sanicula Marilandica, (L.) June. Blue Earth River. 
Eryngium aquaticum, (L.) Rattlesnake root. Moist prairies. Iowa and Illinois. Polytania Nuttalli, 
(D. C.) June. Prairies near Davenport, Iowa. Heracleum lanatum, (Michx.) Moist banks of the 
St. Peter’s River. Archemora rigida, (D. C.) August. Banks of streams. Iowa. Archangelica 
atropurpurea, (Hoffm.) Alder swamps on St. Croix River. Thaspium barbinode, (Nutt.) June. Woods. 
Blue Earth River. Thaspium auerum, (Nutt.) May. High prairies. St. Croix and St. Peter’s. Zizia 
aurea. (Koch.) Moist places on prairies. St. Peter’s. Zizia integerrima, (D.C.) June. Dry banks of rivers. 
Towa. Cicuta maculata, (L.) June. Poison hemlock. Covering acres in succession in rich moist prairies, 
in the interior of Iowa. Cicuta bulbifera, (L.) August. Margins of lakes. St. Croix. Sium latifo- 
lium, (l.) River margins. St. Croix. Cryptotenia Canadensis, (D. C.) Rich woods throughout 
the Northwest. Cherophyllum procumbens, (Law.) May. Rock Island, Illinois. Osmorrhiza longi- 
stylis, (D. C.) May. Sweet Cicely. Woods. St. Peter’s and St. Croix. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, (D. C.) 
St. Croix. 
ARALIACE®.—Aralia racemosa, (L.) Spikenard. Rich woods in the Northwest. Aralia nudicaulis, 
(L.) Wild Sarsaparilla. Shady hillsides, throughout the Northwest. Aralia hispida, (Michx.) August. 
Trap rocks. Falls of St. Croix. Panax quinquefolium, (L.) Ginseng. Rock Island, Il. 
Cornacea.—Cornus alternifolia, (L.) Dogwood. St. Peter’s and St. Croix. Cornus circinata, 
(L’Hen.) June. Banks of the St. Peter’s. Cornus sericea, (L.) June. Moist banks of streams. 
Upper Mississippi, St. Peter’s, &. This is the only shrub extensively known and prized as the 
genuine “ Kinnikinnic,” or smoking ingredient, in such genvral use among all the Indian tribes of the 
Northwest. In those sections of ccuntry where this species is not found, other barks or leaves are 
resorted to as substitutes; but wherever this species is found, it takes preference over all others. The 
dried inner bark is the part used, being mixed for smoking with equal parts of tobacco, to which it is 
said to impart an agreeable pungency. Cornus stolonifera, (Michx.) May. Wet rocky banks of 
streams. St. Croix and Lake Superior. This is the most common substitute for the genuine Kinnikinnic 
by the Indians about Lake Superior. Its common name of Red Osier or Willow, has introduced con- 
siderable confusion into the popular synonymy. I am not informed of any species of Salix (or Willow 
proper), being used for Kinnikinnic. Cornus paniculata, (L’Hen.) July. Thickets on Blue Earth 
River. Cornus asperifolia, (Michx.) July. Blue Earth River. Cornus Canadensis, (L.) Pine woods. 
St. Croix. 
CAPRIFOLIACE”.—Linnza borealis, (Gronov.) Deep pine woods and cedar swamps. Upper St. Croix 
and Lake Superior. Symphoricarpus racemosus, (Michx.) June. Snow-berry. A very common shrub on 
the St. Peter’s. Lonicera parviflora, (Lam.) May. Wild Honeysuckle. St. Croix. Lonicera ciliata, 
(Muhl.) Twin Honeysuckle. Upper St. Croix. Diervilla trifida, (Mcench.) June. Hillsides. St. 
Croix. This plant is in use among the Indians as a diuretic. Triosteum perfoliatum, (L.) June. 
Copses and river banks. Iowa and Minnesota. Sambucus Canadensis, (L.) Common elder. Abun- 
dant on the Lower St. Peter’s. Sambucus pubens, (Michx.) May. Stillwater, Minnesota. Viburnum 
Lentago, (L.) June. Banks of the St. Peter’s. Viburnum dentatum, (L.) Arrow wood. St. 
Peter’s. Viburnum pubescens, (Pursh.) May. St. Croix. Viburnum acerifolium, (L.) “Grand Portage 
Trail” from Lake Superior to the Upper St. Croix. Viburnum Opulus, (L.) May. St. Croix, north 
to Lake Superior. Cran ush. The fruit of this handsome und frequently prolific shrub, when 
freshly gathered, and fully ripe, furnishes a grateful repast to the traveller in these northern regions. 
Rusracea#.—Galium asprellum, (Michx.) Thickets. St. Croix. Galium trifidum, (L.) Small Bed 
Straw. Common. Galium triflorum, (Michx.) June. Rich woods. St. Peter's. Galium boreale, 
(L.) June. High prairies. St. Peter’s. Cephalanthus occidentalis, (L.) Springy places. Common. 
Hedyotis longifolia, (Hook.) July. Exposed granite rocks. Upper St. Peter's. Falls of St. Croix. 
Mitchella repens, (L.) Pine woods. St. Croix. ae 
VALERIANACE#.—Valeriana edulis, (Nutt.) Upper Mississippi. May. This widely-spread western 
plant, which was formerly described in Torrey and Gray’s Flora as a distinct species, (V. ciliata,) is now 
