614 EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 
ascertained to be identical with the native of Oregon, so extensively used in that region as an article of 
diet, by the Indian tribes. Its thick fleshy root possesses, in a fresh state, the peculiar aromatic qualities 
which render most of the plants of this genus useful in medicine. This property being dissipated in the 
process of cooking, it is said to form a nutritious and palatable article of food. I am not informed of any 
similar application of this plant in the region of country under examination, but this may be accounted 
for from its comparative scarcity. 
Composira.—Vernonia fasciculata, (Michx.) August. Iron weed. St. Croix. Liatris eylindracea, 
(Michx.) August. Dry hillsides. Iowa and Minnesota. Liatris scariosa, (Willd.) August. Dry 
rolling prairies. Towa. Liatris pyenostachya, (Torr. and Gr.) Moist places in prairies. Iowa, and Min- 
nesota. Kuhnia eupatorioides, (L.) September. Dry hills. Davenport, Iowa. Kupatorium purpureum, 
(L.) Low grounds. St. Croix. Eupatorium serotinum, (Michx.) September. Dry banks of rivers. 
Towa. Eupatorium perfoliatum, (L.) Boneset. St. Croix, &e. Kupatorium ageratoides, (L.) August. 
Falls of St. Croix. Aster macrophyllus, (L.) Copses. Common throughout the Northwest. Aster 
sericeus, (Vent.) August. Dry prairies. Iowa. Barrens of St. Croix. A characteristic and hand- 
some species, with silvery foliage and rich purple flowers. Aster levis, (.) August. Dry wood- 
lands. Common. Aster azureus, (Lindl.) August. Dry hillsides. Iowa and Minnesota. Aster 
cordifolius, (L.) August. Thickets. St. Croix. Aster sagittifolius, (Willd.) August. Falls of 
St. Croix. Aster multiflorus, (Ait.) September. Dry fields. Iowa. Aster miser, (Ait.) August. 
Thickets. St. Croix. Aster puniceus, (L.) September. Moist ground. St. Croix. Aster laxi- 
folius, (Nees.) August. Bogs. St. Croix. Aster oblongifolius, (Nutt.) June. Rocky banks of 
the Mississippi, near Davenport, Iowa. Aster ptarmicoides, (Torr. and Gr.) August. Dry river 
bluffs, Mississippi and St. Croix. Erigeron Canadense, (L.) A common weed springing up very 
rank on broken prairies, where cultivation has been abandoned. Erigeron bellidifolium, (Muhl.) 
May. Grassy places. Iowa and Minnesota. Krigeron Philadelphicum, (L.) June. Davenport, 
Towa. Erigeron glabellum, (Nutt.) Upper St. Croix. Erigeron annuum, (Pers.) June. Davenport, 
Towa. LErigeron strigosom, (Muhl.) St. Croix. Diplopappus umbellatus, (Torr. and Gr.) Thickets of 
St. Croix. Solidago bicolor, var. concolor, (Linn.) August. Trap rocks. Falls of St. Croix. Solidago 
latifolia, (L.) Shaded river-banks in the Northwest. Solidago stricta, (Ait.) August. Tamerack 
swamps. St. Croix. Solidago speciosa, (Nutt.) August. Dry, rolling prairies. Iowa and Minne- 
sota. Solidago rigida, (L.) September. A conspicuous and common prairie plant. Solidago ulmi- 
folia, (Muhl.) August. Falls of St. Croix. Solidago nemoralis, (Ait.) August. Dry hillsides. 
Iowa and Minnesota. Solidago serotina, (Ait.) August. Falls of St. Croix. Solidago lanceolata, (Ait.) 
August. St. Croix. Chrysopsis villosa, (Nutt.) July. Dry soil. Fort Snelling. Silphium lacinia- 
tum, (L.) July. Rosin weed, “Compass plant.” Prairies of Iowa and Illinois, Silphium perfoliatum, 
(1.) Cup plant. Borders of streams. Iowa and Minnesota. Its large, coarse leaves, uniting at their 
insertion around the square stem, form a cup-shaped cavity, which retains the water after a shower. 
Ambrosia artemisifolia, (L.) Waste places. Ambrosia trifida, (L.) Growing with luxuriant rankness 
on the rich cultivated bottoms of the Mississippi. Xanthium strumarium, (L.) River-banks, St. Peter’s. 
Heliopsis levis, (Pers.) July. Banks of streams throughout the Northwest. Echinacea angustifolia, 
(D. C.) June, An abundant and striking prairie-flower in Iowa. Its thick, pungent root, under the 
name of “Black Sampson,” has wonderful properties ascribed to it in popular medicine. Echinacea 
purpurea, (Mcench.) July. Iowa prairies. Rudbeckia hirta, (L.) June. Dry soil. Iowa and Minnesota. 
Rudbeckia triloba, (L.) September. Dry hillsides. Iowa. Rudbeckia subtomentosa, (Pursh.) Au- 
gust. Wet places. Iowa. Rudbeckia laciniata, (L.) August. Copses. Iowa and Minnesota. Lepa- 
chys pinnata, (Torr. and Gr.) July. Dry prairies. Iowa and Minnesota. Helianthus rigidus, (Desf.) 
September. Abundant on dry prairies. Iowa. Helianthus occidentalis, (Riddell.) _ July. Dry hills. 
Davenport, Iowa, and St. Croix. Helianthus giganteus, (.) August. Copses. St. Croix. Helian- 
thus strumosus, (L.) Copses. Common. Helianthus tuberosus, (L.) Common artichoke. River- 
banks. St. Peter’s and St. Croix. Certainly native, and a well-known article of dict among the Indians, 
called by the Chippewas, Ush-ke-buag. Like the red-currant, and hop, it furnishes another singular 
instance, in this region, of a native plant, which is goon destined, with the progress of civilization, to 
meet its cultivated compeer, coming from a far land. Actinomeris squarrosa, (Nutt.) September. 
Thickets. Iowa. Coreopsis tripteris, (L.) Borders of streams. Towa. Coreopsis palmata, (Nutt.) 
June. Dry copses and prairies. Iowa and Minnesota. Bidens frondosa, (L.) Wet places. Common. 
Bidens chrysanthemoides, (Michx.) August. St. Croix. Bidens Beckii, (Torr.) Floating in shallow 
