PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 5 



Nearly always, wherever pygmy tribes exist, or must have once existed, we 

 find very small domestic animals. Bent, in his " Mashonaland," says that they are 

 very diminutive throughout South Africa. This even extends to the poultry. A 

 hen's egg there is hardly larger than a pigeon's egg. 



This is also the case in Europe. Wherever there are survivals or very distinct 

 traditions of early dwarf races, there we invariably find small breeds of domestic 

 animals. In Brittany we not only have occasional survivals of very small people, 

 but also very diminutive cows and ponies. In Shetland and the Hebrides- we have 

 very conclusive traditions as to dwarfs, and there, too, we find little Shetland ponies, 

 small, " black-faced sheep," etc. In Wales, too, with its undersized, dark-com- 

 plexioned people, we meet with little Welsh sheep and cows. In the same way in 

 Kerry, where the tales of the Skillimilinks, and " the little red-headed blacks " are 

 to be met with, there we have the same types of animals. The little Kerry cows 

 are famed for their good qualities. In Galloway, too, in Southwestern Scotland, 

 where history tells us of the warlike, small-sized Pechts, who claimed the right to 

 lead the van in armies, we find the well-known ponies called "Galloways," as well 

 as small cows. 



The popular belief of the herdsmen and cheesemakers (Macaites) of the 

 Vosges Mountains, not only that there are pygmy herdsmen there, who dwell in 

 caves in the precipitous cliffs of that region, but also that these dwarfs have dwarf 

 cattle, is most interesting. On this point I may quote the following passages from 

 my paper on "Dwarf Survivals and Traditions as to Pygmy Races" (see Proceed- 

 ings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. XLIV., 



1895) : 



"Thirteen years ago my attention was attracted by the name of some cliff 

 dwellers in Abyssinia, which Jean Temporal, in his translation of an early Portu- 

 guese book on that country, calls ' Vosges.' As I had, in 1863, suggested (see 

 Haliburton, New Materials for the History of Man (1863), pp. 14, 23, and note, 

 41, 74) that there must have been a migration from Africa to Europe in early ages, 

 I made a note of these facts, intending some day to inquire whether there are not 

 traces of cliff dwellings, or cliff dwellers, in the mountainous country of Alsace, 

 ' the Vosges.' In 1892. as Admiral Blomfield Pasha, of Alexandria, and Mrs. 

 Blomfield, were about to spend six weeks in the Vosges, I asked them to look into 

 the question. In a few weeks I received a local guide-book, which more than bore 

 out my anticipations. In the Guide Joanne, Geradmer (Paris, Libr. Hachette & 

 Cie, p. 26), we are told that La Schaume, of Nisheim, which surrounds Wurtzelstein, 

 it is believed, is inhabited by a kindly-disposed race of dwarfs, who, when the 

 herdsmen descend to the lower valleys with their herds in the autumn, pasture their 

 cattle, which are of very small size, in the upper pastures, and make cheese till 

 the spring. Among different authorities cited is The Foyer Alsacien, by Chas. 

 Grad." "In 1893 (i. e., after I had heard from Blomfield Pasha), I learned in 

 Morocco that, two days south of the Great Atlas, there is a high mountain called 

 Voshe, the inhabitants of which are dwarf cave-dwellers, who are called Ait Voshe 

 (the Voshe Tribe). Professor Schlichter says that the Akka dwarfs of Equatorial 

 Africa are known to their neighbors as Voshu, and also Tiki-Tiki, names con- 

 nected with the Akka dwarfs of Southern Morocco, who are also called Jed-ibwa 

 'the Fathers of our Fathers')." 



The range of the name for dwarfs. Tiki, or Tiki-Tiki, is almost world-wide. 

 Of the 49 primordial dwarfs, whose creation preceded that of the human race, 

 according to Voluspa of the Icelanders, one was called Nain, and another Theckr. 

 In Germany we meet with the name Tuecke-Kobbold, and in Polynesia with 

 Tiki-Tiki, the name of the dwarf Creator, and in Peru the Creator was called Ticci 

 Ccapac. 



When the Akka, or Tiki-Tiki of Equatorial Africa wandered north to Europe, 

 they must have brought their diminutive cattle with them, for in Baker's "Albert 



