l6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



are young cells, which will ultimately grow down into the body of the gland, and 

 take on the function of zymogenesis. This evidence will be offered in a later paper, 

 in which also the regeneration of the surface epithelium will be discussed. 



The discovery of the different nature of the cells in the neck of the gland affords 

 a cytological basis for the division of the gland into two regions, called respectively, 

 the neck and the body of the gland. 



The length of the neck of the gland varies in the different portions of the 

 stomachs of different mammals. I have not been able to demonstrate any change 

 in the appearance of these cells in the different periods of digestion. In sections 

 fixed in alcohol sublimate bichromate solution the branches of the lumen leading 

 out to the border cells, as well as the fine intracellular secretion capillaries of the 

 latter, may be perfectly seen. 



The pyloric gland cells contain at no period of digestion either zymogen 

 granules or prozymogen. They resemble closely in internal structure the cells of 

 the middle portion of the neck of the fundus glands, and contain a similar secretion. 

 As in the fundus glands, this stains intensely with indulin and Bordeaux R., and 

 gives a faint metachromatic red stain with thionin. The reticulum observable in 

 the indulinophilous portion of the cells is, as a rule, finer than in the neck cells 

 of the fundus glands. Here, also, it may be observed that the indulinophilous cells 

 pass, by gradual transition, into the mucous cells of the surface, and it is in the 

 transitional portion of the gland that mitoses are most abundant, although they 

 may be frequently seen even in the deepest portions of the glands. 



The identity of the cells of the neck of the fundus gland with the pyloric gland 

 cells in the cat may be demonstrated by a study of the so-called intermediary zone. 

 Here I have found, not the mixed fundus and pyloric glands of other observers, 

 but a gradual transition, brought about by the lengthening of the neck region of the 

 gland, and the gradual disappearance, first, of the zymogenic cells, and finally, of 

 the border cells, as the pylorus is approached. 



CONCLUSIONS. 



1. During digestion a substance similar in chemical properties to the chromatin 

 ii the nucleus makes its appearance in the outer clear zone of the chief cells of the 

 fundus glands. This substance, which may be called prozymogen, stains deeply 

 and readily in haematoxylin, and presents a characteristic fibrillated appearance. 

 During rest this prozymogen is used up in some way, giving rise to zymogen 

 granules. 



2. The chief cells of the neck of the gland do not contain at any period of. 

 digestion, either zymogen or prozj^mogen, but are engaged in the formation of 

 a mucinoid secretion, which has a powerful elective affinity for indulin and Bordeaux 

 R., and stains metachromatically in thionin. 



3. The pyloric gland cells, likewise, form neither zymogen nor prozymogen, 

 and are similar in structure, in staining properties, and in the nature of their 

 secretion to the cells of the neck of the fundus gland. ' 



4. The cells, both of the pyloric glands and of the neck of the fundus gland, 

 pass, by gradual transition, into the mucous cells of the surface, to which they are 

 obviously closely allied. 



