■20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



was not unfamiliar to even the Puritan Colonists. In 1675 many towns, villages, 

 .and farmsteads in Massachusetts and Rhode Island were destroyed by the 

 Wampanoags, under the famous King Philip. 



There were few families in the region attacked who did not mourn some of their 

 members. When Philip had fallen, his chiefs, sachems and bravest men were put 

 to death ; the remainder were sold as slaves. 



The son of PhiHp, whose only crime was his relationship to this great chief, 

 was among the prisoners, and was sent as a slave to Bermuda, whence he never 

 teturned. An attempt to supply such labor for the New England home market led 

 to speedy repentance. 



A New Hampshire Provincial Law of 1714 recited that notorious crimes and 

 enormities had of late been committed by Indians and other slaves within Her 

 Majesty's plantations, and forbade the importation of any Indians to be used as 

 slaves. 



Washington Irving was among the first who criticized the stern and cruel 

 features of the Puritans. They, he cried, trained the Indians for Heaven and then 

 sent them there (2). 



The story of Inkle and Yarico, as told by Steele, and familiar to all readers of 

 The Spectator, illustrates the cruel practice of Europeans of the seventeenth century 

 in treating all, persons of darker complexions than themselves as proper subjects 

 for barter. 



Young Inkle, an English merchant adventurer, wanders from his ship on the 

 American main, is found and saved by Yarico, an Indian girl, with whom he lived 

 in tender correspondence for some months, when both escaped ion a passing ship 

 bound for Barbados. Here, as each vessel arrived, there was an immediate market 

 of the Indian and other slaves, as with us of horses and oxen. The prudent and 

 frugal young Englishman sold his companion to a Barbadian merchant. Had 

 Yarico been carried to the old Province of Quebec she would have been called 

 a pani (3). 



From these instances of native American slavery beyond our immediate bor- 

 ders, we pass to consider how far such a system obtained in Canada. 



Canadian negro slavery has been before described, (4) and reference is now 

 made to the enforced servitude of red men in the French Province of Quebec, and 

 the later Provinces of Lower and Upper Canada. 



The Recollet Father, Louis Hennepin, was with LaSalle in 1679, and, writing 

 at Niagara, says : " The Iroquois made excursions beyond Virginia and- New 

 "Sweden * * h= from whence they brought a great many slaves." (s) 



A vessel, called " the Griffin," was built on Lake Erie, and in this these early 

 adventurers crossed through that lake, the River St. Clair, and Lake Huron to 

 Mackinac, where LaSalle parted from Hennepin, the vessel having been, meantime, 

 lost in Lake Huron. Hennepin professes to have gone down the Mississippi, and 

 to have been the hero of many wonderful adventures. This part of .the story is 

 questioned by Mr. Shea and others, but such details as Hennepin did not personally 

 witness are, no doubt, taken from LaSalle's Journal, and are substantially correct. 



As the Pawnee nation had its habitat on, and west of, the Missouri, we do not 

 find them or their relations, the Caddoes, Wichitas and Huecos, mentioned in this 

 interesting volume. It is stated that the Illinois Indians were accustomed to make 



(2) As to Indian Slavery in the United States see Kent's Commentaries, part vi., lee. 6i. and the author- 

 ities there cited. Winthrop's History of New England, vol. i , pp. 192 to 237. In Carolina hostilities vt^ere fomented 

 among the tribes in order to purchase or kidnap captives and sell them as slaves to the West Indies. The sale 

 and slavery of Indians was deemed lawful and the exile and bondage of captives in war, of all conditions, was 

 ■sanctioned by the sternest Puritans. Bancroft's History, i, pp. 41-182. The war with the Pequots in 1637, and the 

 confederacy of Indian nations in 1675 by Metacom, Sachem of the Wampanoags, commonly called King Philip, 

 would seem to have been formed for protection and through patriotic views. Chalmers' Political Annals, 

 p. 291. Indian Slavery ceased in Virginia only in 1705. Magazine of American History, vol. 21, p, 62. 



(3) The Spectator, No. 11, March 13, 1710. 



(4) Transactions of Canadian Institute, 1890, vol. i, p. 102. 



(5) Louis Hennepin's " Discovery of America," cap. 18, pp. 19-37. 



