30 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
of the will except so far as the individual may deliberately 
suppress its monitions.1! Now, I have neither the wish nor 
the power to pronounce whether Mr Myers’s conclusions are 
soundly deduced from accumulated and well-sifted evidence, 
or whether they should be dismissed as plausible and seduc- 
tive hypothesis. But I will go so far as to suggest that, 
supposing Mr Myers to have touched a clue which may lead 
to proof of the existence of a subliminal self—the receptacle 
of the spirit of man—and that this spirit, as has been firmly 
believed by many persons in all ages, is sensible of and 
obedient to the promptings, injunctions, and warnings of an 
external power, further research may identify in creatures 
lower than man a subliminal self, similar in function and 
relation, though inferior in range, to that of man. Herein 
might be traced to their source the compliance of all animals 
with the rules which regulate their behaviour and habits; 
the secret impulse which causes the chaffinch to adhere, 
generation after generation, to one type of nest and the rook 
to another; and the impalpable currents of affection, fear, 
hate, and other psychical forces, which act independently 
of the intellect. 
It is difficult to explain the co-operative instinct of dog's 
as the mere outcome of co-ordinate, congenital activities. 
Through what avenue has a dog derived a sociable impulse so 
inveterate that, even when it is segregated from its own kind 
and adopts man as a comrade, it can do nothing alone? There 
are depraved dogs which will go hunting and marauding alone, 
but they are very rare; and perhaps are acting under some 
perverse suggestion that has found its way to their subliminal 
conscience. As a.rule, dogs will only hunt in couples, in 
packs, or singly when associated with a human master or 
mistress. From the stateliest deerhound to the puniest lap- 
dog, none will take exercise alone; provide an acceptable 
human companion, and the dog will travel all day. And sup- 
pose that it should ever be proved that dogs act according to 
11 The most primitive races act in the belief that there is part 
of a man’s being beyond his body and his mind. Some of them dread 
suddenly rousing a person from his sleep, lest his soul be wandering, 
and, being unable to return in time, death should ensue immediately. 
