ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 15 
ing life on the ocean wave may be, life under the waves is 
one continual frenzied struggle to devour or to escape being 
devoured. Few, indeed, and feeble are vegetarian feeders in 
the sea; almost every marine animal divides its time between 
pursuit of and flight from its neighbours. Nevertheless, 
deeply as the habit of fear must be ingrained in the nature 
of these creatures, some of them profit very readily from 
reassuring experience, and exhibit a degree of mental recep- 
tivity which removes them very far from the category of 
sentient automata. 
The cod, for instance, occupies a somewhat higher place 
in the animated scale than the aforesaid Mimram trout, yet 
there is hardly any creature, not even the herring, which 
runs so poor a chance of finishing his natural term of life. 
A very moderate-sized mother cod will be delivered of about 
one million eggs in a single accouchement. If one per thou- 
sand of these were to produce a codling that should attain 
maturity there would soon be room for very few other fishes 
in the North Atlantic. But the cod casts its million ova 
adrift in the ocean to be carried hither and thither by the 
currents, and the chances against any one ovum, larval fly, 
or codling escaping the rapacity of other predacious animals 
must be many thousands to one. One might suppose that 
heredity and experience would have combined to render the 
habit of fear and suspicion ineradicable in the survivors. 
But that is not so. The cod is amenable to confidential inter- 
course with man, who is certainly not the least formidable 
of its enemies. 
In the extreme south-west of Scotland, where the 
attenuated promontory ending in the Mull of Galloway pro- 
jects far into St. George’s Channel, there is a remarkable 
rock basin, partly natural and partly hewn out of the cliff, 
into which the tide flows through an iron grating. This is 
the Logan fish pond, where for many generations it has been 
the custom to imprison fish taken in the open sea, especially 
cod, to be fattened for the table. If you look quietly over 
the enclosing wall on the landward side you will see a cir- 
cular basin about thirty feet in diameter, fringed with alge, 
and so deep that the bottom cannot be seen through the 
