10 ANNUAL MEETING. 
Provost Arnott moved that the hour of meeting be now 
changed to 7.30. 
This was seconded by ex-Provost Turner and carried. 
Votes of thanks were accorded to the office-bearers for 
their services. 
Animal Intelligence. 
By Sir HERBERT MaxweELL, Bart. 
I am afraid that when you have heard what I have to say 
to you to-night you will complain that I have done no better 
service than to lead you into a labyrinth and leave you to find 
your own way out of it. I am far—very far—from claiming 
to have struck a fresh clue to the delimitation of instinct and 
reason. All I propose is to review some of the more sug- 
gestive points in the evidence collected by many careful ob- 
servers and to indicate the direction in which scientific opinion 
seems to tend. 
The problem has resolved itself into three main 
branches :— 
1. Are animals, other than man, born, and do they continue 
through life unconscious automata? 
2. If they are conscious, are their consciousness and in- 
telligence the physical product of certain chemical and 
organic changes taking place in the growth of the 
eggs, embryo, or young creature, and therefore spon- 
taneous in the sense that muscle, bone, and blood 
develop by the spontaneous multiplication of cells? 
3. Is the conscious intelligence exoteric? In other words, 
is it the consequence of an external and superior man- 
date or suggestion, acting upon a suitable physical 
receptacle? 
1.—Are animals born, and do they remain unconscious 
automata ? 
Nobody who has systematically watched the behaviour of 
the young of birds and other animals is likely long to enter- 
tain the belief that, even if they are hatched or born as 
