234 STRATHCLYDE AND GALLOWAY CHARTERS. 
” 
sway as far back as 972, when Malcolm ‘* rex Cumbrorum 
attests a charter of King Eadgar to Canterbury Cathedral.‘ 
Eadgar had Bicone in the Witenagemot of 970° having of 
late overcome ‘‘ Scottas et Cumbras et Bryttas ’the two 
latter being Strathclyde—but these were handed over by him 
as they had been by Eadre -d, to the Scots’ King to hold under 
him and to co-operate with him. 
- Siward having ruled all Northumbria from 1041 to 1055 
died, and the earldom was given to Tostig, a brother of Harole 
of England. He was expelled by the Northumbrians in 1066, 
and a brother of the Earl of Mercia, Morkere,® elected, who 
submitted to William the Conqueror in 1067, but was soon 
deposed and replaced by Copsig, once a deputy of Tostig. He 
in turn soon fell, the earldom being apparently divided, for 
Oswulf II., one of the Northumbrian family became earl, north 
of Tyne in 1067, only to fall that year. Then Gospatrik made 
arrangements with William the Conqueror and obtained 
Northumberland, but was driven out in 1072; his claim to this 
earldom being through his mother, as already mentioned. 
After his expulsion in 1072, as probably also before 1067, only 
without the title of earl before this, his possession on his 
mother’s side was Dunbar, the remnants of the Northumbrian 
earldom of Bernicia, in the portion which had been taken by 
Scotland. Siward’s only connection with Cumbria (Cumber- 
land) would be when he on behalf of Malcolm had defeated 
Macbeth, and he and his relative, the sub-ruler of Cumbria. 
could work together. This was in 1054-5. The conjunction 
of the two in granting rights mentioned in the charter %s ap- 
4 Birch, Cartul, Sax., i1., 448. 
5 Birch, Cartul, Sax., iii., 557. 
6 As to the reasons for PrOErere election, I suspect that the 
Kthelgar of Ordericus Vitalis, iv., i., v., 14, was Alfgar (father of 
Morkere and son of Leofric and Godiva of Mercia) and that Atlfgifu, 
Alfgar’s wife, was daughter of Uhtred and “#lfgifu, and so sister 
of Ealdgyth. wife of Maldred. This would account for the choice 
by Northumbrians of the Mercian Morkere and for Siward Barn’s 
connection with Morkere at Ely and his being ‘‘ tribunus usa 
ciorum.’’ Searle (4.-S. Bishops, etc., p. 446) gives Uhtred a 
father of Mthelgan (#lfgar ?)—should it not be fathers in- — 
This connection would clear up a mystery. 
