STRATHCLYDE AND GALLOWAY CHARTERS. 239 
not so much gone out. of use, as certain of the Lowther 
charters of later dates show; and indeed the Lay Subsidy Roll 
of 6 Edward III., 1332, for Westmorland, gives evidence that 
some of the local compilers of the lists were still using it, and 
that the official clerk who tabulated the whole for the Ex- 
chequer could not understand it. Hence Crakanporp is 
turned into Crakarnyrop and Melkanporpe into Melkanyroph ; 
possibly by that time the top of the p had been shortened 
somewhat so as to be nearer the shape of y, which in the next 
century it became as in ‘‘ y®’’ and “‘ y*’’ for the and that. 
At the beginnings of words in the charter the scribe has not 
mistaken the P (w); it is only in the insides of some words 
and at the ends. In general, however, the changes likely to 
be made by the scribe beyond these would not affect the inter- 
nal parts of the words so much as those inflections left which 
would give him some intimation of the connection and the 
sense, and these are very limited, as we shall see. It is evi- 
dent, too, that the original must have been fairly legible when 
copied, or we should not have so much that gives consecutive 
sense. 
I now turn to the transcription of the document and to 
what occur to me as the best suggestions I can now give of 
emendations, which I hope the parallels I quote will justify. 
After the transcription and emended text I can, I think, offer 
a-text which would be nearer the normal Anglo-Saxon had it 
been written, as it was not, in that. The comparison will 
help towards interesting conclusions which I have come to 
about the dialect. 
The parchment is ro inches by 3% inches, not quite 
rectangular. 
The Text as it stands :— 
Gospatrik greot ealle mine wassenas & hyylkun mann freo & 
drenge peo woonnan on eallun pam Jandann peo weoron Combres 
& eallun mine kynling freondlycc & ic cyde eoy p [zt] myne 
mynna is & full leof p{zt] Thorfynn mac hore beo swa freo 
on eallan dynges Peo beo myne on Alnerdall swa wenyg mann 
beo oder ic oder enyg myne wassenas on weald on freyd on 
heyninga & eet ellun dyngan peo by eorde bcenand & deoronder 
