STRATHCLYDE AND GALLOWAY CHARTERS. 241 
weoron gytene Thore on Moryn dagan freols myd bode & 
wytnesmann on pyylk stow. 
Translation. 
_ [I] Gospatrik greet all my servants and every man free 
and dreng that dwell on all those lands that were Cumbrian 
and all my kindred amicably and I make known to you that it 
is my wish and my full leave that Thorfynn macThore be as 
free in all things that are mine in Alnerdale as any man may 
be either I or any of my servants in regard to open land, 
forest and enclosed land and with all things that are there 
found on the earth or under as far as Shauk and Waver and 
Wampool and on the open land at Caldbeck. And I will that 
the men that remain with Thorfynn at Cardew and Cumdivock 
be as free together with him as Melmor! and Thore and 
Sygolf were in Eadred’s days: and let no man be so bold of 
counsel in regard to what I have given that he in any way 
break the peace which Earl Siward and I have declared to him 
as freely as any man living beneath the heaven; and look you 
whoever there is that abides there let them be geld free as 1 
am and as Willan and Waltheof and Wygande and Wyberth 
and Gamell and Kenneth and all my kindred and servants. 
And I will that Thorfinn have soc and sac, and toll and theam 
over all those lands at Cardew and at Cumdivock that were 
given to Thore in Moryn’s days as a freedom with proclama- 
tion and by voucher at that place. 
This emendation is what I imagine the text to be which 
the scribe of the thirteenth century copied. It has differences 
from normal Anglo-Saxon grammar and spelling, which, I 
think, must have belonged to the original, and are not at all 
likely to have been made by the scribe. Some of these I will 
take one by one as they occur. There is a tendency to the 
‘ 
spelling eo for @ or e, as in “ greot’’ for gret or gret, 
Beweoron for weton, .leof~’ for leaf. ‘" peo.”’ is for se, 
‘- deoronder ” for d@runder, ‘‘ heobbe ’’ for hebbe; ‘‘mann’’ 
seems to occur for man and men. There is also the ending un 
for um, as in “‘ hwylkun’’ for hwylcum, ‘‘eallun’’ for eallum ; 
15 Mzlmor, Mr Plummer says; is Maelmuire, the tonsured slave 
of Mary, and is Goedelic; and Kenneth is Irish Cinaed. 
