244 STRATHCLYDE AND GALLOWAY CHARTERS. 
smade differently from all the others save one. What occurs 
to me as likely is that the i in if represents a half-faded 0, in 
of, and that the original text had ‘* swa deor of peaht(e).”’ 
There is an example in the Lindisfarne St. Matthew which was 
of course a Northumbrian version in v., 8, ‘‘ claene of hearte ”’ 
(pure in heart*6). The usual word in the connection is 
‘* dyrsti(g),’’ as in Cnut’s charter (Thorpe, 308). But William 
of Normandy (Thorpe, 439) has “‘ & ne beo nan man swa deort 
pe hit undo p [at] ic hebbe gecydet Criste ’’ (and let no man 
be so audacious that he undoes what I have declared as given 
“ 
deor ”’ 
is more usual than ‘‘ deort,’’ and would fit here. As for its 
to Christ) in a charter to Beverley. The adjective 
first letter being turned into an aspirated, this need not dis- 
concert us; the aspirate was uncertain enough in the district 
and occurs in the very name Cardew, written also Carthew, 
both forms occurring about 1300 A.D. 
In the remainder of the sentence it is plain that something 
has slipped out. ‘‘ Swa deor ”’ needs a ‘‘p [zt] ”’ to follow— 
‘“ So audacious that he.’’ This should come after ‘‘ peaht ”’ 
> And that it was after “‘ gegyfen ” 
_appears to me plain by the words ‘‘ to hem ”’ which follow. 
I have looked through very many pages of Anglo-Saxon to 
itry and discover instances of “‘ gifan ”’ 
oe 
oe ’ 
-or after “* gegyfen. 
being followed by 
The result of this search, which has included looking 
through many charters, has been to discover the, lollowing 
law :—Gifan, forgifan (grant), sellan (give), unnan (bequeath), 
and geunnan (concede) are followed by the dative of the 
persons to whom the gift 1s made—as is the case lower down 
in the charter “‘ gyfene Thore,’’ but when the grant is to a 
place for the sake of the people therein to or into follows, as it 
does in such an expression as ‘‘ into the hands of.’ Thus 
“ic forgyfe . . . to paere halgan stowe aet Scireburnan ’’ 
(Thorpe, 124), I grant to the holy place at Shireburn. When 
it is to a church or a monastery it is also into that follows, as 
‘in Thorpe, pp. 191, 230, ‘‘ see biscop gesealde pa hida into 
paere cyricean ’’ (gave the hides [land] to the church). But 
” 
to. 
16 The alternative is that this 7 is parasitic, which Mr Plummer 
ssuggests, but I think less likely. 
